4x4 MIMO白皮书（英文版）

2025-04-22 0 0 988.69KB 26 页 10玖币

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Networks & Service Platforms

www.strategyanalytics.com

November 2017

Guang Yang and Christopher Taylor

Tel: +44 1908 423662

Email: gyang@strategyanalytics.com

MIMO is an essential feature to improve spectral efficiency.

Recentfield test results in live commercial networks have

proven that 4x4 MIMO can effectively improve network

performance and user experience. With 4Rx becoming a

mainstream configuration of flagship smartphones in 2H

2017, 4x4 MIMO will gain momentum in global market to help

operators meet growing data demands and prepare for 5G.

Networks & Service Platforms (NSP)

4x4 MIMO Boosts 4G and Gives Consumers a Taste of the

Gigabit Experience

Networks & Service Platforms

Contents

1. Executive Summary 4

2. Growing Market Demand Requires 4G Network Evolution 5

2.1 Data Use Continues to Grow Rapidly 5

2.2 Enhanced 4G as a Foundation for Future 5G Deployment 6

3. The Importance of MIMO for Improving Network Performance 8

3.1 Ways of Improving Mobile Network Performance 8

3.1.1 Bandwidth 8

3.1.2 Densification 9

3.1.3 Spectral Efficiency 9

3.2 MIMO Evolution in the LTE Standards 10

4. Live Deployments: Examples of Advanced MIMO 13

4.1 Four Antenna Transceiver (4T4R) in Base Stations Boosts Network Performance Significantly 13

4.2 Four Antenna Transceiver (4T4R) Also Extends Cell Coverage 16

4.3 Massive MIMO will Further Improve Network Performance 17

5. The Ecosystem Is Ready for Advanced MIMO Deployment 19

5.1 Infrastructure Development 19

5.2 Chipset and User Equipment Development 20

6. Conclusion and Recommendations 24

7. Acronyms 25

8. How Can We Help You? 26

Exhibits

Exhibit 1: Global Cellular Data Traffic Growth .............................................................................................................. 6

Exhibit 2: 5G Coverage for PyeongChang Olympics .................................................................................................... 7

Exhibit 3: Dimensions of Improving Cellular Network Performance ............................................................................. 8

Exhibit 4: Channel Capacity of MIMO vs. SISO .......................................................................................................... 10

Exhibit 5: LTE Downlink MIMO Transmission Modes ................................................................................................. 12

Networks & Service Platforms

Exhibit 6: Near Point Throughput Results in China Telecom Tests ............................................................................ 13

Exhibit 7: Medium Point and Far Point Throughput Results in China Telecom Tests ................................................ 14

Exhibit 8: CDF of Downlink Throughput in Drive Tests of China Telecom ................................................................. 14

Exhibit 9: Downlink Throughput at 50 Percent CDF in Drive Tests ............................................................................ 15

Exhibit 10: True Corp Downlink Performance with Commercial Devices – 4x2 DL MIMO vs. 2x2 DL MIMO ............ 15

Exhibit 11: Single Cell Coverage Test ........................................................................................................................ 16

Exhibit 12: Cell Edge Throughput Gain ...................................................................................................................... 16

Exhibit 13: Test Scenario and Results – 32T32R Massive MIMO .............................................................................. 18

Exhibit 14: Announced UE Chipsets That Support 4x4 MIMO ................................................................................... 22

Networks & Service Platforms

1. Executive Summary

Global mobile date use continues to grow rapidly as smartphones and mobile video increasingly dominate the traffic

landscape. Today 4G dominates as the bearer of global cellular data traffic, but 5G will emerge starting in 2019.

Even as 5G reaches the market, 4G/4.5G will still carry more than 93 percent of global cellular data traffic in 2022.

Meanwhile, the performance of 4G networks will be important for the success of 5G rollout, because 5G coverage

will be limited in its early phase. A nationwide, high performance 4G network must not only meet the growing traffic

demand, but also should provide a solid foundation for 5G deployment.

Wireless communication theory indicates multiple dimensions to improve cellular network performance. Carrier

aggregation (CA) is used to extend system bandwidth through combining multiple component carriers (CCs). But

spectrum availability limits the performance potential of carrier aggregation in live deployments. Network

densification is another efficient way to improve network capacity and coverage. But the most effective way to

reduce total cost of ownership (TCO) is to decrease the number of sites.

MIMO is an essential feature to improve spectral efficiency in 4G. MIMO features first defined in LTE Release 8 can

be found in today’s commercial LTE networks. Transmission Mode 9 (TM9) in LTE Release 10 has been

implemented by major infrastructure vendors. Devices with four antennas and receiver chains are emerging in

global market. These enable operators to deploy 4x4 downlink MIMO, and even massive MIMO with additional base

station transmit antennas, in their networks.

Field test results in live commercial networks have proven that 4T4R in the base station can effectively improve

network performance and user experience; 4x4 MIMO can improve user throughput by 40 - 75 percent according to

tests by MTN South Africa. Similarly, True Corp’s results show great improvement in cell throughput with today’s

commercial two-antenna receiver devices. Currently all major infrastructure vendors offer 4T4R features in their 4G

base station products. And, the number of 4Rx devices is growing quickly. Therefore, we expect to see 4Rx

becoming the mainstream configuration of flagship smartphones in 2H 2017.

Massive MIMO can further improve network capacity to meet high traffic demand, particularly in hot-spot scenarios.

The experience of deploying and operating massive MIMO in live networks can help vendors and operators to

prepare for the rollout of 5G networks, where massive MIMO will be an iconic technology. Transmission Mode 9 will

be required to fully exploit massive MIMO’s performance benefits.

With the growth of traffic demand and availability of user devices and base station equipment equipped for MIMO,

it’s time for operators to roll out advanced MIMO features:

 Deploy 4T4R on a large scale to improve capacity and coverage across the network.

 Introduce 4Rx devices regardless of whether network the network has been upgraded to 4T4R.

 Deploy massive MIMO in hot-spots to meet high traffic demand and gather experience for 5G.

Networks & Service Platforms

2. Growing Market Demand Requires 4G Network Evolution

2.1 Data Use Continues to Grow Rapidly

Global cellular data traffic has grown rapidly, and growth will continue over the next five to ten years. The

Wireless Operator Strategies service of Strategy Analytics predicts that global cellular data traffic will grow from 66

exabytes in 2016 to 323 exabytes in 2022 (see Exhibit 1), as smartphones and mobile video increasingly dominate

the traffic landscape:

 Active data subscriptions on user-linked

cellular devices will increase from 4.1 billion in 2016 to 6.0 billion in

2022.

 Smartphones will increase from 2.9 billion active (non-SMS) data connections in 2016 to 5.1 billion in 2022.

 Smartphones accounted for 81 percent of all traffic in 2016 and will grow to 92 percent of all traffic in 2022.

 Average use per active smartphone connection will increase from 1.6 GB/month in 2016, to 5.0 GB/month in

2022.

Video already accounts for a significant share of traffic on mobile network operators’ networks, and this

will increase:

 According to Strategy Analytics’ forecast, video will account for close to 60 percent of all mobile data traffic in

2021, up from 48 percent in 2016.

 In advanced markets such as North America or West Europe, the percentage will be over or approaching 70

percent by 2021

Growth in live video streaming, 4K UHD and 360 video will place further demands on the mobile network from a

latency and throughput perspective.

User-linked cellular devices consist of phones, PC & modems, tablets, and user-managed connected

devices such as e-book readers, portable games consoles & media players, digital cameras, navigation

devices, consumer wearables, and connected cars.

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Networks&ServicePlatformswww.strategyanalytics.comNovember2017GuangYangandChristopherTaylorTel:+441908423662Email:gyang@strategyanalytics.comMIMOisanessentialfeaturetoimprovespectralefficiency.Recentfieldtestresultsinlivecommercialnetworkshaveproventhat4x4MIMOcaneffectivelyimprovenetworkperformancea...

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