2021年考研英语一真题及参考答案

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2021 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D

on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the

ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems. It 1 in

young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then 2 starts to slowly decline as we

age. But 3 aging is inevitable, scientists are finding that certain changes in brain function may

not be.

One study found that muscle loss and the 4 of body fat around the abdomen are

associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests the 5 that lifestyle factors might

help prevent or 6 this type of decline.

The researchers looked at data that 7 measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat

from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and 8 that data to reported

changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. They found that middle-aged people 9

higher measures of abdominal fat 10 worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years

11 .

For women, the association may be 12 to changes in immunity that resulted from excess

abdominalfat;inmen,theimmunesystemdidnotappeartobe13.Itishopedthatfuture

studies could 14 these differences and perhaps lead to different 15 for men and women.

16 there are steps you can 17 to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle

mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental 18 . The two highly

recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your 19 of aerobic exercise

and following Mediterranean-style 20 that is high in fiber and eliminates highly processed

foods.

1. A. pauses B. return C. peaks D. fades

2. A. alternatively B. formally C. accidentally D. generally

3. A. while B. since C. once D. until

4. A. detection B. accumulation C. consumption D. separation

5. A. possibility B. decision C. goal D. requirement

6. A. delay B. ensure C. seek D. utilize

7. A. modify B. supported C. included D. predicted

8. A. devoted B. compared C. converted D. applied

9. A. with B. above C. by D. against

10. A. lived B. managed C. scored D. played

11. A. ran out B. set off C. drew in D. went by

12. A. superior B. attributable C. parallel D. resistant

13. A. restored B. isolated C. involved D. controlled

14. A. alter B. spread C. remove D. explain

15. A. compensations B. symptoms C. demands D. treatments

16. A. Likewise B. Meanwhile C. Therefore D. Instead

17.A.changeB.watchC.countD.take

18. A. well-being B. process C. formation D. coordination

19. A. level B. love C. knowledge D. space

20. A. design B. routine C. diet D. prescription

参考答案：

1-5：CDABA

6-10：ACBAC

11-15：DBCDD

16-20：BDAAC

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D.

Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text1

How can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares? It

hasbecomeagrimlyreliableannualritual:everyJanuarythecostoftravellingbytrainrises,

imposing a significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to get

to work or otherwise. This year’s rise, an average of 2.7 per cent, may be a fraction lower than last

year’s, but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure of inflation.

Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of

investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the

generaltaxpayer.Why,theargumentgoes,shouldacar-drivingpensionerfromLincolnshirehave

to subsidise the daily commute of a stockbroker from Surrey? Equally, there is a sense that the

travails of commuters in the South East, many of whom will face among the biggest rises, have

received too much attention compared to those who must endure the relatively poor infrastructure

of the Midlands and the North.

However, over the past 12 months, those commuters have also experienced some of the worst

rail strikes in years. It is all very well train operators trumpeting the improvements they are

making to the network, but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the

substantial sums they are now paying to travel. The responsibility for the latest wave of strikes

rests on the unions. However, there is a strong case that those who have been worst affected by

industrial action should receive compensation for the disruption they have suffered.

The Government has pledged to change the law to introduce a minimum service requirement

so that, even when strikes occur, services can continue to operate. This should form part of a wider

package of measures to address the long-running problems on Britain’s railways. Yes, more

investment is needed, but passengers will not be willing to pay more indefinitely if they must also

endure cramped, unreliable services, punctuated by regular chaos when timetables are changed, or

planned maintenance is managed incompetently. The threat of nationalisation may have been seen

off for now, but it will return with a vengeance if the justified anger of passengers is not addressed

in short order.

21. The author holds that this year’s increase in rail passengers fares

A. will ease train operation’s burden.

B. has kept pace with inflation.

C. is a big surprise to commuters.

D. remains an unreasonable measure.

22. The stockbroker in 2 is used to stand for

A.cardrivers

B. rail travellers

C. local investors

D. ordinary taxpayers

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摘要：

2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Fluidintelligenceisthetypeofintelligencethathastodowithshort-termmemoryandtheabilitytothinkquickly,logically,andabstractlyinordertosolvenewpr...

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