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Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc.

Chan Khoon San

Buddhist Pilgrimage

iii

Published for Free Distribution by:

S J B A

Lot PT 12593, Jalan Kewajipan,

SS 13, 47500 Subang Jaya,

Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Tel: 03-56348181, 03-56315299. Fax: 03-56315262

e-mail: sjba@po.jaring.my

ISBN: 983-40876-0-8

First printing, 2002 – 2000 copies

All commercial rights reserved.

Any reproduction in whole or part, in any form, for sale, profit or material

gain is strictly prohibited. However, permission to print this book, in its

entirety, for free distribution as a gift of Dhamma, is hereby granted and

no further permission needs to be obtained.

Cover Design: Credit is due to Bro. Hor Tuck Loon, of Sukhi Hotu in

Petaling Jaya, for his artistic design of this book’s cover. It shows Ven.

Sayadaw U Rewata of Chanmyay Yeiktha Meditation Centre, Yangon

offering lights at the main shrine hall of the Mahabodhi Temple in

Bodhgaya during the 1999 Pilgrimage to India.

Originally printed in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia by:

Majujaya Indah Sdn. Bhd.,

68, Jalan 14E, Ampang New Village,

68000 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

Tel: 03-42916001, 42916002. Fax: 03-42922053.

iii

Sabbadanam dhammadanam jinati –

The gift of Dhamma excels all gifts.

D

This book is dedicated to our spiritual advisors, who

accompanied the various pilgrimage groups to India from

1991 to 2001. Their guidance and patience, in helping

to create a better understanding of the significance of

the pilgrimage in Buddhism, have helped to make those

journeys of faith more meaningful and beneficial to all

the pilgrims concerned. They are: Venerable Sayadaw

U Jnanapurnik of Kathmandu, Nepal; Venerable

B. Saranankara Mahathera of Sentul, Kuala Lumpur;

Venerable Sayadaw U Rewata of Yangon, Myanmar;

and Sister Uppalavanna of Kathmandu, Nepal.

A

The Subang Jaya Buddhist Association

wishes to thank the generous donations of supporters

and well-wishers for making this gift of Dhamma possible.

May the merits accrued by the donors and all persons

involved in the collection of donations and distribution

of this Dhammadana be shared with relatives,

friends, readers and all beings.

Sadhu! Sadhu! Sadhu!

C

Dedication & Acknowledgement........................................ iv

Preface ........................................................................................... 1

List of colour plates .................................................................. 5

Part I – Religious Significance and History ......................... 10

1. Mental Aspects of a Pilgrimage ...................................... 11

2. Eight Great Places of Pilgrimage................................... 15

3. Famous Pilgrims of the Past............................................ 17

4. Record of the Buddhist Country by Fa Hsien............ 20

5. Record of the Western World by Hsüan Tsang........... 26

Devastation and Downfall of Buddhism in India

..... 38

7. Restoration of Buddhist Sites in India.......................... 44

Part II – Four Sacred Places......................................................... 67

1. Lumbini, Birthplace of the Buddha ............................. 68

2. Bodhgaya, Place of the Buddha’s Enlightenment...... 74

3. Sarnath, Place of the Buddha’s First Sermon ............ 87

4. Kusinara, Place of the Buddha’s Passing Away......... 96

Part III – Four Places of Miracles ............................................. 103

1. Savatthi, Place of the Twin Miracle............................. 104

2. Sankasia, Place of the Descent from Heaven............. 111

3. Rajgir, Place of Taming the Drunken Elephant,

Nalagiri............................................................................... 114

4. Vesali, Place of Offering of Honey by a

Band of Monkeys .............................................................. 122

Part IV – Travelling to the Eight Great Places ................... 133

1. Travelling to the Pilgrimage Places in India ............ 134

2. Suggested Itinerary........................................................... 136

3. Performing Dana or Offerings to the Sangha.......... 138

4. Information and Tips on Travel in India ................. 140

Distances by Road between the Pilgrimage Places

.... 143

Maps showing Locations of the Pilgrimage Places

.... 144

7. Pilgrimage Groups from 1991-2001........................... 146

8. Bibliography ...................................................................... 149

P

OBJECTIVE

The idea of a pilgrimage came from the Buddha himself. Before

He passed into Mahaparinibbana, the Buddha advised pious dis-

ciples to visit four places that may be for their inspiration after He

was gone. They are Lumbini, where He was born; Buddhagaya,

where He attained Supreme Enlightenment; Deer Park in Sarnath,

where He preached the First Sermon; and Kusinara, where He

passed into Mahaparinibbana. The pious disciple should visit these

places and look upon them with feelings of reverence, reflecting on

the particular event of the Buddha’s life connected with each place.

Since the Mahaparinibbana of the Buddha, these four shrines of

Buddhism have become the focal points for pious disciples to rally

around and seek inspiration. By the time of King Asoka, four

more places, namely: Savatthi, Sankasia, Rajagaha and Vesali, that

were closely associated with the Buddha and scenes of His princi-

pal miracles, were added to the pilgrimage itinerary. Together they

make the Eight Great Places of pilgrimage.

The aim of this book is to share my experience and knowledge

with fellow Buddhists about the benefits of undertaking a pilgrim-

age to the Eight Great Places with the correct mental attitude. In

Buddhism, understanding plays the key role in one’s spiritual

progress. So, for the intending pilgrim, it is imperative to under-

stand that a pilgrimage is essentially a spiritual journey in ven-

eration of the Blessed One. This act of veneration purifies one’s

thoughts, speech and action and through it, many noble qualities

can be developed. Part I of this book discusses these mental aspects.

A book on Buddhist pilgrimage would not be complete without

reference to the famous pilgrims of old, namely: Asoka and the

Chinese pilgrims, whose faith and fortitude are an inspiration to

all who follow their footsteps. The downfall of Buddhism and the

devastation of Buddhist shrines in the 13th century followed by six

centuries of oblivion, which was the darkest period of Buddhism,

is retold in this book. Finally, the restoration of Buddhist shrines

and the revival of Buddhism in India is described to enable the

reader to appreciate the efforts of the great men who have dedicated

their lives to restore the holy shrines back to their past glory. Parts

II & III of this book trace the history and religious significance of

each of the Eight Great Places and the objects of interest that can

be found there. Part IV provides information on travelling around

the Buddhist circuit (as the area is now called), road distances and

maps showing the locations of the shrines. A pilgrimage to the

Eight Great Places can be one of the happiest and most fulfilling

moments of one’s life and make one realize how fortunate it is to

be able to gaze upon these ancient sacred shrines, with feelings of

reverence. It is hoped that this book will be useful to readers who

intend to go on a pilgrimage and encourage more Buddhists to

undertake a pilgrimage so that they too, can benefit from the jour-

ney of piety and faith.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Once again, I wish to express my gratitude to Sis. Wooi Kheng

Choo of the Subang Jaya Buddhist Association for proof-reading

the text, helping to correct the typographical errors and making

several useful suggestions, which are deeply appreciated. The

assistance of Mr. Tey Seng Heng, my ex-colleague at Applied

Agricultural Research Sdn. Bhd. in the computer work is grate-

fully acknowledged. I also wish to record my indebtedness to the

following persons who have helped to make the previous pilgrim-

ages successful and memorable, namely: our spiritual advisors

Sayadaw U Jnanapurnik of Nepal in 1991, Ven. Saranankara of

Sentul in 1997, Sayadaw U Rewata of Myanmar in 1997, 1999,

2001 and Sister Uppalavanna of Nepal in 1991; the tour co-leaders

Dr. Wong Wai Cheong and Sis. Flora Tan in 1991; Sis. Helen Too,

Bro. Chan Weng Poh, Bro. Wong Fok Gee, Bro. Yap Pak Choong

and Bro. Lam Cheok Yew in 1997; Sis. Wooi Kheng Choo, Bro.

Teh Kok Lai and Sis. Kieu Choon Lai in 1999; Sis. Tan Lei Hong

and Bro. Chiu Sheng Bin in 2001. I take this opportunity to

thank all members of the Pilgrimage groups from 1991-2001, for

their co-operation and assistance, in making the journeys smooth

and pleasant. Last but not least, I wish to acknowledge the gener-

osity of all the donors who have contributed in cash and kind to

the purchase of requisites, for offering to the various monasteries

in the holy places during the four pilgrimages mentioned.

FORGIVENESS OF FAULTS

During the two weeks or so of the pilgrimage, it is inevitable for

many of the pilgrims, including the author, to lapse into moments

of heedlessness and commit faults through body, speech or mind

against our spiritual advisors or against our fellow pilgrims. On

behalf of all the members concerned, the author takes this oppor-

tunity to ask for forgiveness from our spiritual advisors and also

from each other. If we had been heedless at the holy shrines, we

too seek forgiveness from the Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha.

Kàyena vàcà cittena – Pamàdena maya katam

Accayam khama me bhante – Bhåri pa¤¤a tathàgata!

If by deed, speech or thought, heedlessly, we have done wrong,

forgive us, 0 Master! 0 Teacher Most Wise.

REJOICING AND SHARING OF MERITS

May the merits of this Dhammadana be shared with relatives,

friends and all beings. Sadhu! Sadhu! Sadhu!

Chan Khoon San, Klang, 2001

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eBUDDHANET'SBOOKLIBRARYE-mail:bdea@buddhanet.netWebsite:www.buddhanet.netBuddhaDharmaEducationAssociationInc.ChanKhoonSanBuddhistPilgrimageBuddhistPilgrimageiiiiiPublishedforFreeDistributionby:SJBALotPT12593,JalanKewajipan,SS13,47500SubangJaya,SelangorDarulEhsan,MalaysiaTel:...

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