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E-mail: bdea@buddhanet.net

Web site: www.buddhanet.net

Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc.

By Ven. Piyasilo

Charisma in Buddhism

Charisma in Buddhism?

sociological and doctrinal study of charisma, this book discusses three

past Buddhist workers — Father Sumaṅgalo, Ānanda Maṅgala Mahā.

nāyaka Thera, Dr. Wong Phui Weng — and a living master, the charis

matic Ajahn Yantra Amaro of Siam. Among other topics discussed are

• Types of charisma

• Genius, leadership and charisma

• The Buddha as a charismatic leader

• The Sangha and the routinization of charisma

• Exploiting charisma

• The disadvantages of charisma

• Buddhist Suttas relating to charisma

The Buddhist Currents series deals with topics of current interest relating

to Buddhism in society today. Each title, a preprint from Buddhism, History

and Society, gives a balanced treatment between academic views and Bud

dhist doctrine to help understand the tension that exists today between

religion (especially Buddhism) and society. Titles in the series (available

where year is mentioned):

• Buddhism, History and Society: Towards a postmodern perspective

• Buddhist Currents: A brief social analysis of Buddhism in Sri Lanka

and Siam (1992a)

• Buddhism, Merit and Ideology

• Charisma in Buddhism (1992h)

Dharmafarer Enterprises

P.O. Box 388, Jalan Sultan, 46740 Petaling Jaya, Malaysia

ISBN 983 9030 10 8

Commemorating the Venerable Piyasīlo’s 20 Years of Monkhood

A study of the work

Father Sumaṅgalo,

Ānanda Maṅgala Mahā.nāyaka Thera

and Dr. Wong Phui Weng

Malaysia and Singapore

Phra Ajahn Yantra Amaro

[being a preprint of

Buddhism, Society and History:

towards a postmodern perspective]

Piyasīlo

Dharmafarer Enterprises

for

The Community Of Dharmafarers

1992h

[II:6.3–6.8]

The Buddhist Currents Series

This title forms part of the main work, Buddhism, History and Society

(1992g) by Piyasīlo. Due to its length and for the sake of a balanced treat-

ment of topics in the main book, this segment has been issued separately

as a preprint but maintaining the original number sequence of the main

book with which it should be used. In this way, individual topics of spe-

cial interest are made cheaply available even before the main title has been

released. Some sections of the books listed below may not have as much

details or as many references as the author would like them to have. This

shortcoming is due to his Dharmafarer Libraries being withheld by the

Friends of Buddhism Malaysia, which he left in 1991 to work with the

Community of Dharmafarers. The author welcomes your criticisms and

suggestions.

The Buddhist Currents titles include:

(1) Buddhism, History and Society: Towards a postmodern perspective

(1992g). Main text.

(2) Buddhist Currents: A brief social analysis of Buddhism in Sri Lanka

and Siam (1992a). I.30.2–30.322.

(3) Buddhism, Merit and Ideology: Some aspects of Buddhism in Siam

today (1992f). I.30.33–30.37.

(4) Charisma in Buddhism: A study of the work of Father Sumaṅgalo,

Ānanda Maṅgala Mahā.nāyaka Thera and Dr. Wong Phui Weng in

Malaysia and Singapore & Yantra Amaro (1992h). II:6.3–6.8.

The Community of Dharmafarers

P.O. Box 388, Jalan Sultan

46740 Petaling Jaya, Malaysia.

Computer artwork by Dh. Ratnapāṇī

Film output by Dh. Vidyânanda

Publisher and sole distributor:

Dharmafarer Enterprises

P.O. Box 388, Jalan Sultan

46740 Petaling Jaya, Malaysia.

ISBN 983 9030 10 8

Dedicated

our Past and Present

and a Dharmic vision of the future

The Buddhist Graduates

And Professionals

Malaysia and Singapore

the pupils, supporters, admirers

and emulators

the Venerable (Dr.) Sumaṅgalo, DLitt

the Venerable Wattala Ānanda Maṅgala

Mahā.nāyaka Mahā.thera

‘Saddharma.kīrti Śrī Paṇḍita Dhamm’āloka

Vaṃsa-d,dhvaja’

late Chief High Priest of the Amarapura Nayāka

in Malaysia and Singapore

and

Dr. Dharmapāla Wong Phui Weng, PhD

‘Anak cucu jadi saksi.’

(Posterity will bear witness)

vii

Piyasīlo & the Community of Dharmafarers

Piyasīlo started life as a monk in Singapore in 1970. After his

5-year basic monastic training in Siam, he worked in Melaka,

Petaling Jaya, Singapore and elsewhere running national resi-

dential Dharma courses.

As a Buddhist writer, his work cover children’s books,

textbooks, doctrinal discussion and translations of Pali texts

(especially the Sutta Nipāta). Besides running open meditation

retreats, Piyasīlo introduced basic meditation into the campus

Buddhist curriculum.

In 1983, he founded the Singapore Buddhist Youth Fellow-

ship, later called The Friends of Buddhism Singapore (1986).

As one of the pioneers of the Buddhist Studies project for Singa-

pore secondary schools (1981–1992), he was instrumental in its

success, serving as Resource Consultant and lecturer to the

Buddhist Studies Team of the Curriculum Development Insti-

tute of Singapore.

In February 1981, he founded the Damansara Buddhist

Vihara, followed by the Friends of Buddhism Malaysia in June

1984. In the late 1980s, Apple Computer featured him in ‘A day

in the life of an Apple user’ for Southeast Asia.

Among more than 40 titles he had written are Avalokitesvara,

Mandala and the Five Buddhas, Nichiren, Charisma in Buddhism

and Buddhism, History and Society.

In 1991, at the threshold of his Third Decade of Dharma

work, Piyasīlo renounced ‘association Buddhism’ to work on

his own as a socially-engaged Buddhist with the Community

of Dharmafarers, comprising Dharmacaris or full-time com-

munitarian lay Buddhist workers. Piyasīlo and the Dharma-

caris are interested in how local Buddhists think and work in

order to understand and solve their problems, and to seek ideas

viii

that would be conducive towards the building of a wholesome

Buddhist Community based on Right Livelihood.

One of the continued efforts of the Community is Bud-

dhist research and the the production of books such as this

one. Since the Community comprises of full-time voluntary

workers, your Dharma-spirited assistance is most welcome.

The ofcial organ of the Community is the Svara, a quarterly

journal.

Contents

Piyasīlo & the Community of Dharmafarers .............................................. vii

Preface ..................................................................................................................................... xii

Abbreviations ................................................................................................................... xiv

II:6.3 Sumaṅgalo (Robert Stuart Clifton) (1903–1963) ....... 1

6.31 The FMBYF ............................................................................... 4

6.32 Sumaṅgalo’s Sangha disciples ................................ 9

6.33 Sumaṅgalo and Buddhism ...................................... 13

6.331 Sumaṅgalo in Malaya ....................................................... 15

6.332 Why did the ‘Sumaṅgalo era’ end? ......................... 16

6.34 Why the FMBYF failed ................................................ 17

6.35 Review of Sumaṅgalo’s contributions .......... 22

II:6.4 W. Ānanda Maṅgala (1917–1986) ....................................... 27

6.41 Ānanda Maṅgala in Melaka .................................. 32

6.42 AM: what he did, what he was ............................ 33

6.43 A sociology of scandal [cf III:1 2] ...................... 36

6.44 AM in Singapore .............................................................. 40

6.441 World tours ............................................................................... 41

6.442 SBYO and the ‘Buddhist Oasis’ ............................... 49

6.45 AM as I knew him ........................................................... 51

6.46 Review of AM: the man and his work ......... 54

II:6.5 Dr. Wong Phui Weng, PhD (1936–1988) ........................ 58

6.51 The Neo-Buddhists ......................................................... 61

6.511 Saddhamma Buddhist Society .................................... 65

6.52 Syarikat Dharma .............................................................. 66

6.53 Mettā and Bha Vana ..................................................... 67

6.54 Review of Wong’s work ............................................. 69

II:6.6 Sumaṅgalo,

Ānanda Maṅgala, Dr. Wong contrasts ......................... 74

II:6.7 Charisma ...................................................................................................... 77

6.71 Power and authority ..................................................... 86

6.711 Types of charisma ................................................................ 89

6.712 Genius and charisma ......................................................... 93

6.713 Charisma or popularity? ................................................. 95

6.714 Symbols of charisma .......................................................... 98

6.715 Routinization of charisma ........................................... 100

6.716 Charisma and after ........................................................... 102

6.72 Charisma and leadership ....................................... 105

6.721 The Buddha as a charismatic Leader ................. 106

6.722 Charisma and Saddharma .......................................... 109

6.723 The Sangha and routinization of charisma .... 113

6.73 Charismatic leaders ..................................................... 116

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eBUDDHANET'SBOOKLIBRARYE-mail:bdea@buddhanet.netWebsite:www.buddhanet.netBuddhaDharmaEducationAssociationInc.ByVen.PiyasiloCharismainBuddhismCharismainBuddhismCharismainBuddhism?Asociologicalanddoctrinalstudyofcharisma,thisbookdiscussesthreepastBuddhistworkers—FatherSumaṅgalo,ĀnandaMaṅgalaMahā.nāyak...

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