
even more, and the Count cast an oppressive black shadow over more than fifty
years of copycats and parodies. No vampire novels worth remembering were
published for at least five decades after Dracula, and only a handful of short
stories—such as Ray Bradbury's lyrical "Homecoming" (1946)—turned over fresh
soil in an increasingly overcrowded literary graveyard.
Life—and unlife—was simpler then. Vampires were heartless creatures of hell, or,
at best, tormented lost souls condemned forever by some unholy curse. Their
motives and abilities were clearly defined, as were their weaknesses: sunlight, holy
water, wooden stakes, and so on. They were the (mostly illegitimate) children of
Dracula, and numbingly predictable for that reason.
Science proved the vampire's salvation. A few early stories pointed the way, like
Mary Braddon's "Good Lady Ducayne" (1896), an otherwise forgettable story about
a vicious old woman who preserves her life via frequent blood transfusions. C. L.
Moore's "Shambleau" (1933) was possibly the first vampire of extraterrestrial origin,
unless one counts the blood-sucking Martians in H. G. Wells' The War of the
Worlds (1898)—and that's a bit of a stretch. Wells also supplied "The Flowering of
the Strange Orchid" (1894), a ground-breaking tale of botanical vampirism whose
blood-sucking plant anticipated The Little Shop of Horrors and other bizarre
horrors.
It wasn't until the 1950s, though, that scientific vampires really came into their
own. In the wake of Hiroshima and Sputnik, science fiction spread like fall-out over
the haunted castles and crypts of the Gothic tradition. On the silver screen,
radioactive mutants and Things from Outer Space suddenly outnumbered ghosts,
werewolves, and undead. But what might have seemed like a bad time for
bloodsuckers proved instead a rebirth.
Forget curses, spells, and pacts with the Devil. Suddenly vampirism could be the
result of bacteria, genetics, mental illness, parallel evolution, atomic mutation,
robotics, or even an invasion from another planet. Anything was possible, and all the
old rules were suddenly subject to change. Even traditional, supernatural vampires
suddenly found themselves confronted with such unusual situations as time travel,
space travel, and planets with two or more suns. Somehow, Dorothy, they weren't in
Transylvania anymore…
After years of stodgy cliches, vampire fiction received a rejuvenating jolt of fresh
blood. The new wave of scientific nosferatu included such instant classics as
Richard Matheson's I am Legend (1954), Theodore Sturgeon's Some of Your Blood
(1961), and, in a lighter vein, "Blood" (1955) by Fredric Brown, about an
old-fashioned vamp's ill-fated attempt to drain blood from a sentient turnip.
Perhaps most significantly, vampires didn't have to be evil anymore. No longer a
creature of hell by definition, vampires could be villains, victims, or even heroes.
Science draws no moral distinctions, and what used to be an unnatural plague of
darkness could now be treated as merely a handicap, an alternative lifestyle, or
possibly the next stage in human evolution. Vampire stories became a lot more
complicated… and interesting.