Hippocrates - On Injuries Of The Head

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On Injuries of the Head Hippocrates by Francis Adams——————————————

————————————————————-1'S heads are by no means all like to

one another, nor are theof the head of all men constructed in the same form. Thus,has a

prominence in the anterior part of the head (by prominencemeant the round protuberant

part of the bone which projects beyondrest of it), in him the sutures of the head take the

form of theletter tau, T; for the head has the shorter line running transversethe

prominence, while the other line runs through the middlethe head, all the way to the neck.

But whoever has the prominencethe back part of the head, in him the sutures are

constructed inthe opposite form to the former; for in this case the shorterruns in front of

the prominence, while the longer runs throughmiddle all along to the forehead. But

whoever has a prominencethe head both before and behind, in him the sutures resemble

theletter eta E; for the long lines of the letter run transverseeach prominence while the

short one runs through the middleterminates in the long lines. But whoever has no

prominence onpart he has the sutures of the head resembling the Greek letter; for the one

line comes transverse to the temple while the otheralong the middle of the head. The bone

at the middle of theis double, the hardest and most compact part being the upper, where it

is connected with the skin, and the lowest, whereis connected with the meninx (dura

mater); and from the uppermostlowermost parts the bone gradually becomes softer and

less compact,you come to the diploe. The diploe is the most porous, the softest,most

cavernous part. But the whole bone of the head, with theof a small portion of the

uppermost and lowermost portionsit, is like a sponge; and the bone has in it many juicy

substances,caruncles; and if one will rub them with the fingers, some bloodissue from

them. There are also in the bone certain very slenderhollow vessels full of blood. So it is

with regard to hardness,, and porosity. ————————————————————

——————————————-2respect to thickness and thinness; the thinnest and

weakest partthe whole head is the part about the bregma; and the bone therethe smallest

and thinnest covering of flesh upon it, and the largestof brain is situated in that region of

the head. And hencehappens that from similar or even smaller wounds and instruments,a

person is wounded to the same or a less degree, the bone ofhead there is more contused,

fractured, and depressed; and thatthere are more deadly and more difficult to cure; and

itmore difficult to save one's life in injuries there than in anypart of the head; that from

having sustained a similar or evenless wound a man will die, and that, too, in a shorter

space ofthan from a wound in any other part of the head. For the brainthe bregma feels

more quickly and strongly any mischief thatoccur to the flesh or the bone; for the brain

about the bregmain largest quantity, and is covered by the thinnest bone and theflesh. Of

the other portions, the weakest is that about the; for it is the conjunction of the lower jaw

with the cranium,there is motion there up and down as at a joint; and the organhearing is

near it; and further, a hollow and important vein runsthe temple. But the whole bone of the

head behind the vertexthe ear is stronger than the whole anterior part, and the bonehas a

larger and deeper covering of flesh upon it. And hencefollows, that when exposed to the

same or even greater injuriesinstruments of the same or greater size, the bone is less

liablebe fractured and depressed than elsewhere; and that in a fatalthe patient will live

longer when the wound is in the posteriorof the head than when elsewhere; and that pus

takes longer timeform and penetrate through the bone to the brain, owing to theof the

bone; and moreover, as there is less brain in thatof the head, more persons who are

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wounded in the back part ofhead escape than of those who wounded in the anterior part.

Andfatal cases, a man will survive longer in winter than in summer,be the part of the head

in which the wound is situated.———————————————————————

———————————-3to the haedrae (dints or marks?) of sharp and light weapons,

whentake place in the bone without fissure, contusion, or depression(and these take place

equally in the anterior and posteriorof the head), death, when it does occur, does not

properly resultthem. A suture appearing in a wound, when the bone is laid bare,whatever

part of the head the wound may have been inflicted, isweakest point of the head to resist a

blow or a weapon, when thehappens to be impinged into the suture itself; but more

especiallythis occurs in the bregma at the weakest part of the head, andsutures happen to

be situated near the wound, and the weapon hasthe sutures themselves. ———————

———————————————————————————-4bone in the head is

liable to in the following modes, and theremany varieties in each of these modes of

fracture: When a woundedbreaks, in the bone comprehending the fissure, contusion

necessarilyplace where the bone is broken; for an instrument that breaksbone occasions a

contusion thereof more or less, both at the fracturein the parts of the bone surrounding the

fracture. This is themode. But there are all possible varieties of fissures; forof them are

fine, and so very fine that they cannot be discovered,immediately after the injury, or during

the period in whichwould be of use to the patient if this could be ascertained. Andof these

fissures are thicker and wider, certain of them beingwide. And some of them extend to a

greater, and some to a smaller,. And some are more straight, nay, completely straight;

andare more curved, and that in a remarkable degree. And some are, so as to extend

downwards and through the whole bone; and someless so, and do not penetrate through

the whole bone.—————————————————————————————

—————-5a bone may be contused, and yet remain in its natural conditionany fracture

in it; this is the second mode. And there arevarieties of contusion; for they occur to a

greater or less degree,to a greater depth, so as sometimes to extend through the whole; or

to a less depth, so as not to extend through the whole bone;to a greater and smaller length

and breadth. But it is not possiblerecognize any of these varieties by the sight, so as to

determineform and extent; neither, indeed, is it visible to the eyesany mischief of this kind

takes place, and immediately afterinjury, whether or not the bone has been actually

bruised, aslikewise the case with certain fractures at a distance from theof injury. ———

———————————————————————————————-6the bone

being fractured, is sometimes depressed inwards fromnatural level along with the

fractures, otherwise there wouldno depression; for the depressed portion being fractured

and broken, is pushed inwards, while the rest of the bone remains in itsposition; and in this

manner a fracture is combined with the. This is the third mode. There are many varieties of

depression,it may comprehend a greater and a small extent of bone, and maybe to a

greater depth, or less so, and more superficial.—————————————————

—————————————————-7a hedra, or dint of a weapon, takes place in a

bone, there maya fracture combined with it; and provided there be a fracture,must

necessarily be joined, to a greater or less extent,the seat of the dint and fracture, and in the

bone which comprehends. This is the fourth mode. And there may be a hedra, or

indentationthe bone, along with contusion of the surrounding bone, but withoutfracture

either in the hedra or in the contusion inflicted byweapon. But the indentation of a weapon

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AUniversalDownloadEditionWWW.UDownloadBooks.Com1OnInjuriesoftheHeadHippocratesbyFrancisAdams———————————————227\27—227——227—227—\27——\27—227227\27—-1'Sheadsarebynomeansallliketooneanother,noraretheoftheheadofallmenconstructedinthesameform.Thus,hasaprominenceintheanteriorpartofthehead(byprominencemean...

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