J.R.R. Tolkien - The History of Middle-Earth - 08

VIP免费

2024-12-19 0 0 966.89KB 442 页 5.9玖币

侵权投诉

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/Tolkien_-_The_History_Of_Middle_Earth_Series_08_-_(txt)/vol08/CONTENTS.TXT

CONTENTS.

Foreword page ix.

PART ONE: THE FALL OF SARUMAN

I THE DESTRUCTION OF ISENGARD (Chronology) 3

II HELM'S DEEP 8

III THE ROAD TO ISENGARD 25

IV FLOTSAM AND JETSAM 47

V THE VOICE OF SARUMAN 61

VI THE PALANTIR 68

PART TWO: THE RING GOES EAST

I THE TAMING OF SMEAGOL 85

II THE PASSAGE OF THE MARSHES 104

III THE BLACK GATE IS CLOSED 121

IV OF HERBS AND STEWED RABBIT 131

V FARAMIR 144

VI THE FORBIDDEN POOL 171

VII JOURNEY TO THE CROSS-ROADS 175

VIII KIRITH UNGOL 183

PART THREE: MINAS TIRITH

I ADDENDUM TO 'THE TREASON OF

ISENGARD' 229

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/Tolkien_-_The_History_Of_Middle_Earth_Series_08_-_(txt)/vol08/CONTENTS.TXT (1 of 3)13-7-2004 23:27:25

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/Tolkien_-_The_History_Of_Middle_Earth_Series_08_-_(txt)/vol08/CONTENTS.TXT

II BOOK FIVE BEGUN AND ABANDONED

(i) Minas Tirith 231

(ii) The Muster of Rohan 235

(iii) Sketches for Book Five 252

III MINAS TIRITH 274

IV MANY ROADS LEAD EASTWARD (1) 296

V MANY ROADS LEAD EASTWARD (2) 312

VI THE SIEGE OF GONDOR 323

VII THE RIDE OF THE ROHIRRIM 343

VIII THE STORY FORESEEN FROM FORANNEST 359

IX THE BATTLE OF THE PELENNOR FIELDS 365

X THE PYRE OF DENETHOR 374

XI THE HOUSES OF HEALING 384

XII THE LAST DEBATE 397

XIII THE BLACK GATE OPENS 430

XIV THE SECOND MAP 433

Index 440

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Shelob's Lair first frontispiece

Dunharrow second frontispiece

Orthanc '2', '3' and '4' page 33

Orthanc '5' 34

A page from the first manuscript of 'The Taming

of Smeagol' 90

Two early sketches of Kirith Ungol 108

Third sketch of Kirith Ungol 114

Frodo's journey to the Morannon (map) 117

Minas Morghul and the Cross-roads (map) 181

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/Tolkien_-_The_History_Of_Middle_Earth_Series_08_-_(txt)/vol08/CONTENTS.TXT (2 of 3)13-7-2004 23:27:25

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/Tolkien_-_The_History_Of_Middle_Earth_Series_08_-_(txt)/vol08/CONTENTS.TXT

Plan of Shelob's Lair (1) 201

Kirith Ungol 204

Plan of Shelob's Lair (2) 225

Dunharrow 239

Harrowdale (map) 258

The earliest sketch of Minas Tirith 261

The White Mountains and South Gondor (map) 269

Minas Tirith and Mindolluin (map) 280

Plan of Minas Tirith 290

Starkhorn, Dwimorberg and Irensaga 314

The Second Map (West) 434

The Second Map (East) 435

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/Tolkien_-_The_History_Of_Middle_Earth_Series_08_-_(txt)/vol08/CONTENTS.TXT (3 of 3)13-7-2004 23:27:25

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/Tolkien_-_The_History_Of_Middle_Earth_Series_08_-_(txt)/vol08/FOREWORD.TXT

FOREWORD.

The title of this book comes from the same source as The

Treason of Isengard, a set of six titles, one for each 'Book' of

The Lord of the Rings, suggested by my father in a letter to

Rayner Unwin of March 1953 (The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien

no. 136). The War of the Ring was that proposed for Book V,

and I have adopted it for this book since the history of the

writing of Book V constitutes nearly half of it, while the first

part concerns the victory of Helm's Deep and the destruction of

Isengard. The second part describes the writing of Frodo's

journey to Kirith Ungol, and this I have called 'The Ring Goes

East', which was the title proposed by my father for Book IV.

In the Foreword to The Return of the Shadow I explained

that a substantial collection of manuscripts was left behind in

England when the bulk of the papers went to Marquette

University in 1958, these manuscripts consisting for the most

part of outlines and the earliest narrative drafts; and I suggested

that this was a consequence of the papers being dispersed, some

in one place and some in another, at that time. But the

manuscript materials for The Return of the King were evidently

preserved with the main body of the papers, for nothing of

Books V and VI was left behind beyond some narrative outlines

and the first draft of the chapter 'Minas Tirith'. For my account

of Book V therefore I have been almost wholly dependent on the

provision from Marquette of great quantities of manuscript in

reproduction, without which the latter part of The War of the

Ring could not have been written at all. For this most generous

assistance I express my gratitude to all concerned in it, and most

especially to Mr Taum Santoski, who has been primarily

responsible for the work involved. In addition he has advised

me on many particular points which can be best decided by

close examination of the original papers, and he has spent much

time in trying to decipher those manuscripts in which my father

wrote a text in ink on top of another in pencil. I thank also Miss

Tracy J. Muench and Miss Elizabeth A. Budde for their part in

the work of reproducing the material, and Mr Charles B. Elston

for making it possible for me to include in this book several

illustrations from manuscripts at Marquette: the pages carry-

ing sketches of Dunharrow, of the mountains at the head of

Harrowdale, and of Kirith Ungol, the plan of Minas Tirith, and

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/Tolkien_-_The_History_Of_Middle_Earth_Series_08_-_(txt)/vol08/FOREWORD.TXT (1 of 3)13-7-2004 23:28:50

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/Tolkien_-_The_History_Of_Middle_Earth_Series_08_-_(txt)/vol08/FOREWORD.TXT

the full-page drawing of Orthanc (5).

This book follows the plan and presentation of its predeces-

sors, references to previous volumes in 'The History of Middle-

earth' being generally given in Roman numerals (thus 'VII'

refers to The Treason of Isengard), FR, TT, and RK being used

as abbreviations for The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two

Towers, and The Return of the King, and page-references being

made throughout to the three-volume hardback edition of The

Lord of the Rings (LR). In several parts of the book the textual

history is exceedingly complex. Since the story of the evolution

of The Lord of the Rings can of course only be discovered by the

correct ordering and interpretation of the manuscripts, and

must be recounted in those terms, the textual history cannot be

much simplified; and I have made much use of identifying letters

for the manuscripts in order to clarify my account and to try to

avoid ambiguities. In Books IV and V problems of chronologi-

cal synchronisation became acute: a severe tension is sometimes

perceptible between narrative certainties and the demands of an

entirely coherent chronological structure (and the attempt to

right dislocation in time could very well lead to dislocation in

geography). Chronology is so important in this part of The

Lord of the Rings that I could not neglect it, but I have put

almost all of my complicated and often inconclusive discussion

into 'Notes on the Chronology' at the end of chapters.

In this book I have used accents throughout in the name, of

the Rohirrim (Theoden, Eomer, &c.).

Mr Charles Noad has again read the proofs independently

and checked the very large number of citations, including those

to other passages within the book, with a strictness and care

that I seem altogether unable to attain. In addition I have

adopted several of his suggestions for improvement in clarity

and consistency in my account. I am much indebted to him for

this generous and substantial work.

I am very grateful for communications from Mr Alan Stokes

and Mr Neil Gaiman, who have explained my father's reference

in his remarks about the origins of the poem Errantry (The

Treason of Isengard p. 85): 'It was.begun very many years ago,

in an attempt to go on with the model that came unbidden into

my mind: the first six lines, in which, I guess, D'ye ken the

rhyme to porringer had a part.' The reference is to a Jacobite

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/Tolkien_-_The_History_Of_Middle_Earth_Series_08_-_(txt)/vol08/FOREWORD.TXT (2 of 3)13-7-2004 23:28:50

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/Tolkien_-_The_History_Of_Middle_Earth_Series_08_-_(txt)/vol08/FOREWORD.TXT

song attacking William of Orange as usurper of the English

crown from his father-in-law, James II, and threatening to hang

him. The first verse of this song runs thus in the version given

by Iona and Peter Opie in The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery

Rhymes (no. 422):

What is the rhyme for porringer?

The king he had a daughter fair

And gave the Prime of Orange her.

The verse is known in several forms (in one of which the

opening line is Ken ye the rhyme to porringer? and the last And

he gave her to an Oranger). This then is the unlikely origin of

the provender of the Merry Messenger:

There was a merry passenger,

a messenger, an errander;

he took a tiny porringer

and oranges for provender.

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/Tolkien_-_The_History_Of_Middle_Earth_Series_08_-_(txt)/vol08/FOREWORD.TXT (3 of 3)13-7-2004 23:28:50

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/Tolkien_-_The_History_Of_Middle_Earth_Series_08_-_(txt)/vol08/GL1.TXT

PART ONE.

THE FALL OF

SARUMAN.

THE DESTRUCTION OF ISENGARD.

(Chronology)

The writing of the story from 'The King of the Golden Hall' to the end

of the first book of The Two Towers was an extremely complex

process. The 'Isengard story' was not conceived and set down as a

series of clearly marked 'chapters', each one brought to a developed

state before the next was embarked on, but evolved as a whole, and

disturbances of the structure that entered as it evolved led to disloca-

tions all through the narrative. With my father's method of composi-

tion at this time - passages of very rough and piecemeal drafting being

built into a completed manuscript that was in turn heavily overhauled,

the whole complex advancing and changing at the same time - the

textual confusion in this part of The Lord of the Rings is only

penetrable with great difficulty, and to set it out as a clear sequence

impossible.

The essential cause of this situation was the question of chronology;

and I think that the best way to approach the writing of this part of the

narrative is to try to set out first the problems that my father was

contending with, and to refer back to this discussion when citing the

actual texts.

The story had certain fixed narrative 'moments' and relations.

Pippin and Merry had encountered Treebeard in the forest of Fangorn

and been taken to his 'Ent-house' of Wellinghall for the night. On that

same day Aragorn, Gimli and Legolas had encountered Eomer and his

company returning from battle with the Orcs, and they themselves

passed the night beside the battlefield. For these purposes this may be

called 'Day 1', since earlier events have here no relevance; the actual

date according to the chronology of this period in the writing of The

Lord of the Rings was Sunday January 29 (see VII.368, 406).

On Day 2, January 30, the Entmoot took place; and on that day

Aragorn and his companions met Gandalf returned, and together they

set out on their great ride to Eodoras. As they rode south in the

evening Legolas saw far off towards the Gap of Rohan a great smoke

rising, and he asked Gandalf what it might be: to which Gandalf

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/Tolkien_-_The_History_Of_Middle_Earth_Series_08_-_(txt)/vol08/GL1.TXT (1 of 82)13-7-2004 23:29:26

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/Tolkien_-_The_History_Of_Middle_Earth_Series_08_-_(txt)/vol08/GL1.TXT

replied 'Battle and war! ' (at the end of the chapter 'The White Rider').

They rode all night, and reached Eodoras in the early morning of

Day 3, January 31. While they spoke with Theoden and Wormtongue

in the Golden Hall at Eodoras the Entmoot was still rumbling on far

away in Fangorn. In the afternoon of Day 3 Theoden with Gandalf

and his companions and a host of the Rohirrim set out west from

Eodoras across the plains of Rohan towards the Fords of Isen; and on

that same afternoon the Entmoot ended,(1) and the Ents began their

march on Isengard, which they reached after nightfall.

It is here that the chronological problems appear. There were - or

would be, as the story evolved - the following elements (some of them

foreseen in some form in the outline that I called 'The Story Foreseen

from Fangorn', VII.435 - 6) to be brought into a coherent time-pattern.

The Ents would attack Isengard, and drown it by diverting the course

of the river Isen. A great force would leave Isengard; the Riders at the

Fords of Isen would be driven back over the river. The Rohirrim

coming from Eodoras would see a great darkness in the direction of

the Wizard's Vale, and they would meet a lone horseman returning

from the battle at the Fords; Gandalf would fleet away westwards on

Shadowfax. Theoden and his host, with Aragorn, Gimli and Legolas,

would take refuge in a deep gorge in the southern mountains, and a

great battle there would turn to victory after certain defeat with the

coming of the 'moving trees', and the return of Gandalf and the lord

of the Rohirrim whose stronghold it was. Finally, Gandalf, with

Theoden, Aragorn, Gimli, Legolas and a company of the Riders would

leave the refuge and ride to Isengard, now drowned and in ruins, and

meet Merry and Pippin sitting on a pile of rubble at the gates.

In the original opening of 'Helm's Deep', as will be seen at the

beginning of the next chapter, the cavalcade from Eodoras saw 'a

great fume and vapour' rising over Nan Gurunir, the Wizard's Vale,(2)

and met the lone horseman returning from the Fords of Isen, on the

same day (Day 3, January 31) as they left the Golden Hall. The

horseman (Ceorl) told them that the Riders had been driven back over

the Isen with great loss on the previous day (Day 2, January 30); and it

must have been 'the smoke of battle' that Legolas saw in the evening

rising from the Gap of Rohan as they rode south from Fangorn - it

cannot of course have been the steam rising from the drowning of

Isengard by the Ents (see above). In this original story Theoden and his

men, with Aragorn, Gimli and Legolas, took refuge in Helm's Deep

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/Tolkien_-_The_History_Of_Middle_Earth_Series_08_-_(txt)/vol08/GL1.TXT (2 of 82)13-7-2004 23:29:26

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/Tolkien_-_The_History_Of_Middle_Earth_Series_08_-_(txt)/vol08/GL1.TXT

(not yet so named) that same night (Day 3).

A chronological dislocation seems to have been already present in

this: for the events of Days 1-3 as set out above were fixed in relation

to each other, and the Ents must arrive at Isengard after nightfall of

Day 3 (January 31); yet according to the original opening of 'Helm's

Deep' the host from Eodoras sees the 'great fume and vapour' rising

over Nan Gurunir (unquestionably caused by the drowning of Isen-

gard) in the evening of that same day.

II.

This time-scheme was duly changed: Theoden and his host camped

in the plain on the first night out from Eodoras (Day 3, January 31),

and it was in the morning of the second day of the ride (Day 4,

February 1) that they saw the great cloud over Nan Gurunir:

As they rode they saw a great spire of smoke and vapour, rising up

out of the deep shadow of Nan Gurunir; as it mounted it caught the

light of the sun and spread in glowing banks that drifted on the

wind over the plains towards them.

'What do you think of that, Gandalf?' said Theoden. 'One would

say that all the Wizard's Vale was burning.'

'There is ever a fume above that valley in these days,' said Hama;

'but I never saw anything like that before.'

It is now in the evening of this second day of their ride that they met

the horseman Ceorl coming from the Fords, and on the night of this

day that the battle of the Hornburg took place. The chronology was

now therefore:

(Day 3) January 31 Gandalf, Theoden and the Rohirrim depart

from Eodoras and camp for the night in the plains. Ents reach

Isengard after nightfall and after the departure of the Orc-host

begin the drowning of the Circle of Isengard.

(Day 4) February 1 The host from Eodoras sees in the morning the

steams rising from the drowning of Isengard; in the evening they

meet Ceorl and learn of the defeat at the Fords of Isen on the

previous day; and reach Helm's Deep after nightfall. Battle of the

Hornburg.

It seems impossible to avoid the conclusion that the end of the

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/Tolkien_-_The_History_Of_Middle_Earth_Series_08_-_(txt)/vol08/GL1.TXT (3 of 82)13-7-2004 23:29:26

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/Tolkien_-_The_History_Of_Middle_Earth_Series_08_-_(txt)/vol08/GL1.TXT

chapter 'The White Rider' (Legolas' sight of the smoke in the Gap of

Rohan on Day 2, January 30) escaped revision when the date of the

(Second) Battle of the Fords of Isen was changed to January 31.

III.

In the original form of what became the opening of 'The Road to

Isengard' Gandalf and Theoden, with Aragorn, Gimli and Legolas and

a party of Riders, set out from Helm's Deep shortly after the end of the

battle of the Hornburg, without any rest; this was on Day 5, February 2,

and they reached Isengard not long after noon on the same day. As

they approached Nan Gurunir

they saw rising up out of deep shadows a vast spire of smoke and

vapour; as it mounted it caught the light of the sun, and spread in

glowing billows in the sky, and the wind bore them over the plain.

'What do you think of that, Gandalf?' said Theoden. 'One would

say that all the Wizard's Vale was burning.'

'There is ever a fume above that valley in these days,' said Eomer;

'but I have never seen anything like this before. These are steams,

rather than smokes. Some devilry Saruman is brewing to greet us.'

This dialogue was lifted straight from its earlier place at the beginning

of the 'Helm's Deep' story (see II above) - with substitution of Eomer

for Hama, slain at the Hornburg, and in 'Helm's Deep' a different

passage was inserted, as found in TT pp. 131 - 2, in which what is seen

in the North-west is 'a shadow that crept down slowly from the

Wizard's Vale', and there is no mention of fume or steam.

The reason for these changes was again chronological: the host on

its way from Eodoras is not to see great steams rising from Isengard on

Day 4, but the 'veiling shadow' of the Huorns as they came down into

the Wizard's Vale. Thus:

(Day 4) February 1 The host from Eodoras sees in the morning the

shade of the moving trees far off in the North-west; the drowning

of Isengard was not begun till night. At night Battle of the

Hornburg.

(Day 5) February 2 In the morning Theoden and Gandalf and

their company ride to Isengard, and find it drowned.

IV.

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/Tolkien_-_The_History_Of_Middle_Earth_Series_08_-_(txt)/vol08/GL1.TXT (4 of 82)13-7-2004 23:29:26

文档加载中……请稍候！
如果长时间未打开，您也可以点击刷新试试。

下载文档到电脑，查找使用更方便

5.9 玖币 0人已下载

立即下载 VIP免费下载

摘要：

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/Tolkien_-_The_History_Of_Middle_Earth_Se\ries_08_-_(txt)/vol08/CONTENTS.TXTCONTENTS.Forewordpageix.PARTONE:THEFALLOFSARUMANITHEDESTRUCTIONOFISENGARD(Chronology)3IIHELM'SDEEP8IIITHEROADTOISENGARD25IVFLOTSAMANDJETSAM47VTHEVOICEOFSARUMAN61VITHEPALANTIR68PARTTWO:THERINGGO...

展开>> 收起<<

J.R.R. Tolkien - The History of Middle-Earth - 08.pdf

共442页,预览89页

还剩页未读，继续阅读

声明：本站为文档C2C交易模式，即用户上传的文档直接被用户下载，本站只是中间服务平台，本站所有文档下载所得的收益归上传人(含作者)所有。玖贝云文库仅提供信息存储空间，仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理，对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。若文档所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私，请立即通知玖贝云文库，我们立即给予删除！

J.R.R. Tolkien - The History of Middle-Earth - 08

相关推荐

开通VIP享超值会员特权

作者详情

相关内容

热门标签

举报选择: