A Universal Download Edition
WWW.UDownloadBooks.Com 1
Of Plantations.
Francis Bacon
Plantations are amongst ancient, primitive, and heroical works. When the world
was young, it begat more children; but now it is old, it begets fewer: for I may justly
account new plantations to be the children of former kingdoms. I like a plantation in a
pure soil; that is, where people are not displanted, to the end to plant in others; for else it
is rather an extirpation than a plantation. Planting of countries is like planting of woods;
for you must make account to lose almost twenty years' profit, and expect your
recompense in the end: for the principal thing that hath been the destruction of most
plantations hath been the base and hasty drawing of profit in. the first years. It is true,
speedy profit is not to be neglected as far as may stand with the good of the plantation,
but no further. It is a shameful and unblessed thing to take the scum of people and wicked
condemned men to be the people with whom you plant; and not only so, but it spoileth the
plantation; for they will ever live like rogues, and not fall to work, but be lazy, and do
mischief, and spend victuals, and be quickly weary, and then certify over to their country
to the discredit of the plantation. The people wherewith you plant ought to be gardeners,
ploughmen, labourers, smiths, carpenters, joiners, fishermen, fowlers, with some few
apothecaries, surgeons, cooks, and bakers. In a country of plantation, first look about
what kind of victual the country yields of itself to hand: as chestnuts, walnuts, pine-apples,
olives, dates, plums, cherries, wild honey, and the like; and make use of them. Then
consider what victual or esculent things there are which grow speedily and within the year;
as parsnips, carrots, turnips, onions, radish, artichokes of Hierusalem, maize, and the like:
for wheat, barley, and oats, they ask too much labour; but with pease and beans you may
begin, both because they ask less labour, and because they serve for meat as well as for
bread; and of rice likewise cometh a great increase, and it is a kind of meat. Above all,
there ought to be brought store of biscuit, oatmeal, flour, meal, and the like in the
beginning till bread may be had. For beasts or birds take chiefly such as are least subject to
diseases and multiply fastest; as swine, goats, cocks, hens, turkeys, geese, house-doves,
and the like. The victual in plantations ought to be expended almost as in a besieged town;
that is, with certain allowance: and let the main part of the ground employed to gardens or
corn, be to a common stock ; and to be laid in and stored up and then delivered out in
proportion; besides some spots of ground that any particular person will manure5 for his
own private, Consider likewise what commodities the soil where the plantation is doth
naturally yield, that they may some way help to defray the charge of the plantation: so it be
not as was said, to the untimely prejudice of the main business, as it hath fared with
tobacco in Virginia. Wood commonly aboundeth but too much; and therefore timber is fit
to be one. If there be iron ore, and streams whereupon to set the mills, iron is a brave
commodity where wood aboundeth. Making of bay-salt, if the climate be proper for it,
would be put in experience : growing silk0 likewise, if any be, is a likely commodity: pitch
and tar, where store of firs and pines are, will not fail; so drugs and sweet woods, where
they are, cannot but yield great profit: soap-ashes likewise, and other things that may be
thought of; but moil not too much under ground, for the hope of mines is very uncertain,
and useth to make the planters lazy in other things. For government, let it be in the hands
of one, assisted with some council; and let them have commission to exercise martial laws,