Hippocrates - Aphorisms
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2024-12-19
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I. Life is short, and Art long; the crisis fleeting; experience perilous,decision difficult. The
physician must not only be prepared towhat is right himself, but also to make the patient,
the attendants,externals cooperate.
In disorders of the bowels and vomitings, occurring spontaneously,the matters purged
be such as ought to be purged, they do good,are well borne; but if not, the contrary. And
so artificial evacuations,they consist of such matters as should be evacuated, do good,
andwell borne; but if not, the contrary. One, then, ought to lookthe country, the season,
the age, and the diseases in which theyproper or not.
In the athletae, embonpoint, if carried to its utmost limit, is, for they cannot remain in
the same state nor be stationary;since, then, they can neither remain stationary nor
improve, itremains for them to get worse; for these reasons the embonpointbe reduced
without delay, that the body may again have a commencementreparation. Neither should
the evacuations, in their case, be carriedan extreme, for this also is dangerous, but only to
such a pointthe person's constitution can endure. In like manner, medicinal, if carried to an
extreme, are dangerous; and again, acourse, if in the extreme, is dangerous.
A slender restricted diet is always dangerous in chronic diseases,also in acute diseases,
where it is not requisite. And again,diet brought to the extreme point of attenuation is
dangerous; and, when in the extreme, is also dangerous.
In a restricted diet, patients who transgress are thereby more(than in any other?); for
every such transgression, whatevermay be, is followed by greater consequences than in a
diet somewhatgenerous. On this account, a very slender, regulated, and restrictedis
dangerous to persons in health, because they bear transgressionsit more difficultly. For this
reason, a slender and restrictedis generally more dangerous than one a little more liberal..
For extreme diseases, extreme methods of cure, as to restriction,most suitable.
When the disease is very acute, it is attended with extremely severein its first stage;
and therefore an extremely attenuatingmust be used. When this is not the case, but it is
allowablegive a more generous diet, we may depart as far from the severityregimen as the
disease, by its mildness, is removed from the extreme.. When the disease is at its height, it
will then be necessary tothe most slender diet.
We must form a particular judgment of the patient, whether he willthe diet until the
acme of the disease, and whether he willpreviously and not support the diet, or the disease
will givepreviously, and become less acute.
In those cases, then, which attain their acme speedily, a restrictedshould be enjoined at
first; but in those cases which reach theirlater, we must retrench at that period or a little
before it;previously we must allow a more generous diet to support the patient.. We must
retrench during paroxysms, for to exhibit food would be. And in all diseases having
periodical paroxysms, we mustduring the paroxysms.
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The exacerbations and remissions will be indicated by the diseases,seasons of the year,
the reciprocation of the periods, whetheroccur every day, every alternate day, or after a
longer period,by the supervening symptoms; as, for example, in pleuritic cases,, if it occur
at the commencement, shortens the attack,if it appear later, it prolongs the same; and in
the same mannerurine, and alvine discharges, and sweats, according as they appearwith
favorable or unfavorable symptoms, indicate diseases ofshort or long duration.
Old persons endure fasting most easily; next, adults; young personsnearly so well; and
most especially infants, and of them suchare of a particularly lively spirit.
Growing bodies have the most innate heat; they therefore requiremost food, for
otherwise their bodies are wasted. In old personsheat is feeble, and therefore they require
little fuel, as it, to the flame, for it would be extinguished by much. On this, also, fevers in
old persons are not equally acute, becausebodies are cold.
In winter and spring the bowels are naturally the hottest, andsleep most prolonged; at
these seasons, then, the most sustenanceto be administered; for as the belly has then most
innate heat,stands in need of most food. The well-known facts with regard topersons and
the athletae prove this.
A humid regimen is befitting in all febrile diseases, and particularlychildren, and others
accustomed to live on such a diet.. We must consider, also, in which cases food is to be
given oncetwice a day, and in greater or smaller quantities, and at intervals.must be
conceded to habit, to season, to country, and to.
Invalids bear food worst during summer and autumn, most easilywinter, and next in
spring.
Neither give nor enjoin anything to persons during periodical, but abstract from the
accustomed allowance before the crisis.. When things are at the crisis, or when they have
just passed it,move the bowels, nor make any innovation in the treatment,as regards
purgatives or any other such stimulants, but letalone.
Those things which require to be evacuated should be evacuated,they most tend, by
the proper outlets.
We must purge and move such humors as are concocted, not suchare unconcocted,
unless they are struggling to get out, which isnot the case.
The evacuations are to be judged of not by their quantity, butthey be such as they
should be, and how they are borne. Andproper to carry the evacuation to deliquium animi,
this alsobe done, provided the patient can support it.
Use purgative medicines sparingly in acute diseases, and at the, and not without
proper circumspection.
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If the matters which are purged be such as should be purged, theis beneficial, and
easily borne; but, not withstanding,otherwise, with difficulty. ----------------------------------
-----------------------------------II. In whatever disease sleep is laborious, it is a deadly
symptom;if sleep does good, it is not deadly.
When sleep puts an end to delirium, it is a good symptom.. Both sleep and
insomnolency, when immoderate, are bad.. Neither repletion, nor fasting, nor anything
else, is good whenthan natural.
Spontaneous lassitude indicates disease.
Persons who have a painful affection in any part of the body, andin a great measure
sensible of the pain, are disordered in intellect.. Those bodies which have been slowly
emaciated should be slowly; and those which have been quickly emaciated should be
quickly.
When a person after a disease takes food, but does not improvestrength, it indicates
that the body uses more food than is proper;if this happen when he does not take food, it
is to be understoodis required.
When one wishes to purge, he should put the body into a fluent.
Bodies not properly cleansed, the more you nourish the more you.
It is easier to fill up with drink than with food.
What remains in diseases after the crisis is apt to produce relapses.. Persons in whom a
crisis takes place pass the night precedingparoxysm uncomfortably, but the succeeding
night generally more.
In fluxes of the bowels, a change of the dejections does good,the change be of a bad
character.
When the throat is diseased, or tubercles (phymata) form on the, attention must paid
to the secretions; for if they be bilious,disease affects the general system; but if they
resemble thosea healthy person, it is safe to give nourishing food.. When in a state of
hunger, one ought not to undertake labor.. When more food than is proper has been taken,
it occasions disease;is shown by the treatment.
From food which proves nourishing to the body either immediatelyshortly, the
dejections also are immediate.
In acute diseases it is not quite safe to prognosticate eitheror recovery.
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Those who have watery discharges from their bowels when youngdry when they are
old; and those who have dry discharges whenare young will have watery when they are
old.
Drinking strong wine cures hunger.
Diseases which arise from repletion are cured by depletion; andthat arise from
depletion are cured by repletion; and in general,are cured by their contraries.
Acute disease come to a crisis in fourteen days.
The fourth day is indicative of the seventh; the eighth is theof the second week; and
hence, the eleventh being theof the second week, is also indicative; and again, the
seventeenthindicative, as being the fourth from the fourteenth, and the sevenththe
eleventh.
The summer quartans are, for the most part, of short duration;the autumnal are
protracted, especially those occurring near theof winter.
It is better that a fever succeed to a convulsion, than a convulsiona fever.
We should not trust ameliorations in diseases when they are not, nor be much afraid of
bad symptoms which occur in an irregular; for such are commonly inconstant, and do not
usually continue,have any duration.
In fevers which are not altogether slight, it is a bad symptomthe body to remain
without any diminution of bulk, or to be wastedmeasure; for the one state indicates a
protracted disease,the other weakness of body.
If it appear that evacuations are required, they should be madethe commencement of
diseases; at the acme it is better to be quiet.. Toward the commencement and end of
diseases all the symptoms are, and toward the acme they are stronger.
When a person who is recovering from a disease has a good appetite,his body does not
improve in condition, it is a bad symptom.. For the most part, all persons in ill health, who
have a goodat the commencement, but do not improve, have a bad appetitetoward the
end; whereas, those who have a very bad appetitethe commencement, and afterward
acquire a good appetite, get better.
In every disease it is a good sign when the patient's intellectsound, and he is disposed
to take whatever food is offered to him;the contrary is bad.
In diseases, there is less danger when the disease is one to whichpatient's constitution,
habit, age, and the season are allied,when it is one to which they are not allied.
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In all diseases it is better that the umbilical and hypogastricpreserve their fullness; and
it is a bad sign when they areslender and emaciated; in the latter case it is dangerous
topurgatives.
Persons in good health quickly lose their strength by taking purgative, or using bad
food.
Purgative medicines agree ill with persons in good health.. An article of food or drink
which is slightly worse, but more, is to be preferred to such as are better but less
palatable.. Old have fewer complaints than young; but those chronic diseasesdo befall
them generally never leave them.
Catarrhs and coryza in very old people are not concocted.. Persons who have had
frequent and severe attacks of swooning,any manifest cause, die suddenly.
It is impossible to remove a strong attack of apoplexy, and notto remove a weak
attack.
Of persons who have been suspended by the neck, and are in a stateinsensibility, but
not quite dead, those do not recover who haveat the mouth.
Persons who are naturally very fat are apt to die earlier thanwho are slender.
Epilepsy in young persons is most frequently removed by changesair, of country, and
of modes of life.
Of two pains occurring together, not in the same part of the body,stronger weakens
the other.
Pains and fevers occur rather at the formation of pus than whenis already formed.
In every movement of the body, whenever one begins to endure pain,will be relieved
by rest.
Those who are accustomed to endure habitual labors, although theyweak or old, bear
them better than strong and young persons whonot been so accustomed.
Those things which one has been accustomed to for a long time,worse than things
which one is not accustomed to, usuallyless disturbance; but a change must sometimes be
made to thingsis not accustomed to.
To evacuate, fill up, heat, cool, or otherwise, move the bodyany way much and
suddenly, is dangerous; and whatever is excessiveinimical to nature; but whatever is done
by little and little is, more especially when a transition is made from one thing to.
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AUniversalDownloadEditionWWW.UDownloadBooks.Com1I.Lifeisshort,andArtlong;thecrisisfleeting;experienceperilous,decisiondifficult.Thephysicianmustnotonlybepreparedtowhatisrighthimself,butalsotomakethepatient,theattendants,externalscooperate.Indisordersofthebowelsandvomitings,occurringspontaneously,the...
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分类：外语学习
价格：5.9玖币
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大小：54.65KB
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时间：2024-12-19
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