Hippocrates - On Ancient Medicine

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On Ancient Medicine Hippocrates by Francis Adams———————————————

———————————————————-1having undertaken to speak or write on

Medicine, have firstdown for themselves some hypothesis to their argument, such as, or

cold, or moist, or dry, or whatever else they choose (thustheir subject within a narrow

compass, and supposing onlyor two original causes of diseases or of death among

mankind),all clearly mistaken in much that they say; and this is the moreas relating to an

art which all men avail themselveson the most important occasions, and the good

operators and practitionerswhich they hold in especial honor. For there are

practitioners,bad and some far otherwise, which, if there had been no suchas Medicine,

and if nothing had been investigated or found outit, would not have been the case, but all

would have been equallyand ignorant of it, and everything concerning the sick wouldbeen

directed by chance. But now it is not so; for, as in allother arts, those who practise them

differ much from one anotherdexterity and knowledge, so is it in like manner with

Medicine.I have not thought that it stood in need of an empty hypothesis,those subjects

which are occult and dubious, in attempting towhich it is necessary to use some

hypothesis; as, for example,regard to things above us and things below the earth; if

anyshould treat of these and undertake to declare how they are constituted,reader or

hearer could not find out, whether what is deliveredtrue or false; for there is nothing which

can be referred to into discover the truth. ———————————————————

———————————————-2all these requisites belong of old to Medicine, and

an originway have been found out, by which many and elegant discoveriesbeen made,

during a length of time, and others will yet be found, if a person possessed of the proper

ability, and knowing thosewhich have been made, should proceed from them to

prosecuteinvestigations. But whoever, rejecting and despising all these,to pursue another

course and form of inquiry, and says hediscovered anything, is deceived himself and

deceives others,the thing is impossible. And for what reason it is impossible,will now

endeavor to explain, by stating and showing what the artis. From this it will be manifest

that discoveries cannot possiblymade in any other way. And most especially, it appears to

me, thattreats of this art should treat of things which are familiarthe common people. For

of nothing else will such a one have toor treat, but of the diseases under which the

common peoplelabored, which diseases and the causes of their origin and

departure,increase and decline, illiterate persons cannot easily findthemselves, but still it is

easy for them to understand thesewhen discovered and expounded by others. For it is

nothingthan that every one is put in mind of what had occurred to himself.whoever does

not reach the capacity of the illiterate vulgar andto make them listen to him, misses his

mark. Wherefore, then,is no necessity for any hypothesis. —————————————

—————————————————————-3the art of Medicine would not have

been invented at first, norit have been made a subject of investigation (for there wouldbeen

no need of it), if when men are indisposed, the same foodother articles of regimen which

they eat and drink when in goodwere proper for them, and if no others were preferable to

these.now necessity itself made medicine to be sought out and discoveredmen, since the

same things when administered to the sick, whichwith them when in good health, neither

did nor do agree with. But to go still further back, I hold that the diet and foodpeople in

health now use would not have been discovered, providedhad suited with man to eat and

drink in like manner as the ox,horse, and all other animals, except man, do of the

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productionsthe earth, such as fruits, weeds, and grass; for from such thingsanimals grow,

live free of disease, and require no other kindfood. And, at first, I am of opinion that man

used the same sortfood, and that the present articles of diet had been discoveredinvented

only after a long lapse of time, for when they sufferedand severely from strong and brutish

diet, swallowing thingswere raw, unmixed, and possessing great strength, they becameto

strong pains and diseases, and to early deaths. It is likely,, that from habit they would

suffer less from these things thenwe would now, but still they would suffer severely even

then;it is likely that the greater number, and those who had weaker, would all perish;

whereas the stronger would hold outa longer time, as even nowadays some, in

consequence of usingarticles of food, get off with little trouble, but others withpain and

suffering. From this necessity it appears to me thatwould search out the food befitting

their nature, and thus discoverwhich we now use: and that from wheat, by macerating it,

strippingof its hull, grinding it all down, sifting, toasting, and baking, they formed bread;

and from barley they formed cake (maza), performingoperations in regard to it; they

boiled, they roasted, they mixed,diluted those things which are strong and of intense

qualitiesweaker things, fashioning them to the nature and powers of man,considering that

the stronger things Nature would not be ablemanage if administered, and that from such

things pains, diseases,death would arise, but such as Nature could manage, that fromfood,

growth, and health, would arise. To such a discovery andwhat more suitable name could

one give than that of? since it was discovered for the health of man, for his

nourishmentsafety, as a substitute for that kind of diet by which pains,, and deaths were

occasioned. ———————————————————————————————

———-4if this is not held to be an art, I do not object. For it is notto call any one an artist

of that which no one is ignorant, but which all know from usage and necessity. But still the

discoverya great one, and requiring much art and investigation. Whereforewho devote

themselves to gymnastics and training, are alwayssome new discovery, by pursuing the

same line of inquiry, where,eating and drinking certain things, they are improved and

growthan they were. ———————————————————————————

———————-5us inquire then regarding what is admitted to be Medicine;

namely,which was invented for the sake of the sick, which possessesname and

practitioners, whether it also seeks to accomplish theobjects, and whence it derived its

origin. To me, then, it appears,I said at the commencement, that nobody would have

sought for medicineall, provided the same kinds of diet had suited with men in sicknessin

good health. Wherefore, even yet, such races of men as makeuse of medicine, namely,

barbarians, and even certain of the Greeks,in the same way when sick as when in health;

that is to say,take what suits their appetite, and neither abstain from, northemselves in

anything for which they have a desire. Butwho have cultivated and invented medicine,

having the same objectview as those of whom I formerly spoke, in the first place, I

suppose,the quantity of the articles of food which they used, andalone would be sufficient

for certain of the sick, and be manifestlyto them, although not to all, for there would be

some soas not to be able to manage even small quantities of theirfood, and as such persons

would seem to require something weaker,invented soups, by mixing a few strong things

with much water,thus abstracting that which was strong in them by dilution and. But such

as could not manage even soups, laid them aside,had recourse to drinks, and so regulated

them as to mixture and, that they were administered neither stronger nor weakerwhat was

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AUniversalDownloadEditionWWW.UDownloadBooks.Com1OnAncientMedicineHippocratesbyFrancisAdams————————————————22727—227——227—227—27——27—22722727-1havingundertakentospeakorwriteonMedicine,havefirstdownforthemselvessomehypothesistotheirargument,suchas,orcold,ormoist,ordry,orwhateverelsetheychoose(thus...

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Hippocrates - On Ancient Medicine

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