J.R.R. Tolkien - The History of Middle-Earth - 10

VIP免费

2024-12-19 0 0 971.86KB 456 页 5.9玖币

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/TOLKIEN,%20J.R.R.%20-%20The%20...20of%20Middle%20Earth%20Series%2010%20(txt)/vol10/CONTENTS.TXT

The Silmarillion, foundation of the imagined world of

J.R.R. Tolkien, was as is well known never completed,

never brought to a final form after the writing of The

Lord of the Rings: the work is known from the text

published posthumously in 1977, a construction from

the narratives that existed, not a completion.

In Morgoth's Ring, the first of two companion

volumes, Christopher Tolkien describes and documents

the later history of The Silmarillion, from the time when

his father turned again to 'the Matter of the Elder Days'

after The Lord of the Rings was at last achieved. The

text of the Annals of Aman, the 'Blessed Land' in the far

West, is given in full; while in writings hitherto

unknown is seen the nature of the problems that J.R.R.

Tolkien explored in his later years, as new and radical

ideas, portending upheaval in the old narratives,

emerged at the heart of the mythology, and as the

destinies of Men and Elves, mortals and immortals,

became of central significance, together with a vastly

enlarged perception of the evil of Melkor, the Shadow

upon Arda. Among these writings a central place is

given to the Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth, in which the

Elvish King of Nargothrond debates with the 'wise-

woman' Andreth the injustice of human mortality.

The second part of this history of the later

Silmarillion will be concerned with developments in the

legends of Beleriand after the completion of The Lord

of the Rings, and will include the unpublished story The

Wanderings of Hurin.

THE HISTORY OF MIDDLE-EARTH.

THE BOOK OF LOST TALES, PART ONE.

THE BOOK OF LOST TALES, PART TWO.

III

THE LAYS OF BELERIAND.

THE SHAPING OF MIDDLE-EARTH.

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/TOLKIEN,%20J.R.R.%20...dle%20Earth%20Series%2010%20(txt)/vol10/CONTENTS.TXT (1 of 4)14-7-2004 22:28:40

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/TOLKIEN,%20J.R.R.%20-%20The%20...20of%20Middle%20Earth%20Series%2010%20(txt)/vol10/CONTENTS.TXT

THE LOST ROAD

AND OTHF.R WRITINGS.

THE RETURN OF THE SHADOW.

VII

THE TREASON OF ISENGARD.

VIII

THE WAR OF THE RING.

SAURON DEFEATED.

MORGOTH'S RING.

THE WAR OF THE JEWELS.

J.R.R. TOLKIEN.

MORGOTH'S RING.

The Later Silmarillion.

Part One.

The Legends of Aman.

Edited by Christopher Tolkien.

HarperCollinsPublishers.

CONTENTS.

Foreword page ix.

PART ONE.

AINULINDALE 1

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/TOLKIEN,%20J.R.R.%20...dle%20Earth%20Series%2010%20(txt)/vol10/CONTENTS.TXT (2 of 4)14-7-2004 22:28:40

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/TOLKIEN,%20J.R.R.%20-%20The%20...20of%20Middle%20Earth%20Series%2010%20(txt)/vol10/CONTENTS.TXT

PART TWO.

THE ANNALS OF AMAN 45

PART THREE.

THE LATER QUENTA SILMARILLION.

I THE FIRST PHASE. 141

1 Of the Valar. 143

2 Of Valinor and the Two Trees. 152

3 Of the Coming of the Elves. 158

4 Of Thingol and Melian. 171

5 Of Eldanor and the Princes of the Eldalie. 173

6 Of the Silmarils and the Darkening of Valinor. 184

7 Of the Flight of the Noldor. 193

8 Of the Sun and Moon and the Hiding of Valinor 197

II THE SECOND PHASE. 199

The Valaquenta. 199

The Earliest Version of the Story of Finwe and

Miriel. 205

Laws and Customs among the Eldar. 207

Later versions of the Story of Finwe and Miriel. 254

Of Feanor and the Unchaining of Melkor. 271

Of the Silmarils and the Unrest of the Noldor. 273

Of the Darkening of Valinor. 282

Of the Rape of the Silmarils. 292

Of the Thieves' Quarrel. 295

PART FOUR.

ATHRABETH FINROD AH ANDRETH. 301

PART FIVE.

MYTHS TRANSFORMED. 367

Appendix: Synopsis of the Texts. 432

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/TOLKIEN,%20J.R.R.%20...dle%20Earth%20Series%2010%20(txt)/vol10/CONTENTS.TXT (3 of 4)14-7-2004 22:28:40

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/TOLKIEN,%20J.R.R.%20-%20The%20...20of%20Middle%20Earth%20Series%2010%20(txt)/vol10/CONTENTS.TXT

Index. 434

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/TOLKIEN,%20J.R.R.%20...dle%20Earth%20Series%2010%20(txt)/vol10/CONTENTS.TXT (4 of 4)14-7-2004 22:28:40

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/TOLKIEN,%20J.R.R.%20-%20The%20...20of%20Middle%20Earth%20Series%2010%20(txt)/vol10/FOREWORD.TXT

FOREWORD.

The Quenta Silmarillion, with the Ainulindale, the Annals of

Valinor, and the Annals of Beleriand, as they stood when my

father began The Lord of the Rings at the end of 1937, were

published six years ago in The Lost Road and Other Writings.

That was the first great break in the continuous development of

The Silmarillion from its origins in The Book of Lost Tales; but

while one may indeed regret that matters fell out as they did just

at that time, when the Quenta Silmarillion was in sight of the

end, it was not in itself disastrous. Although, as will be seen in

Part One of this book, a potentially destructive doubt had

emerged before my father finished work on The Lord of the

Rings, nonetheless in the years that immediately followed its

completion he embarked on an ambitious remaking and en-

largement of all the Matter of the Elder Days, without departure

from the essentials of the original structure.

The creative power and confidence of that time is unmistak-

able. In July 1949, writing to the publishers on the subject of a

sequel to Farmer Giles of Ham, he said that when he had finally

achieved The Lord of the Rings 'the released spring may do

something'; and in a letter to Stanley Unwin of February 1950,

when, as he said, that goal had been reached at last, he wrote:

'For me the chief thing is that I feel that the whole matter is now

"exorcized", and rides me no more. I can turn now to other

things...' It is very significant also, I believe, that at that time he

was deeply committed to the publication of The Silmarillion

and The Lord of the Rings 'in conjunction or in connexion' as a

single work, 'one long Saga of the Jewels and the Rings'.

But little of all the work begun at that time was completed.

The new Lay of Leithian, the new tale of Tuor and the Fall of

Gondolin, the Grey Annals (of Beleriand), the revision of the

Quenta Silmarillion, were all abandoned. I have little doubt that

despair of publication, at least in the form that he regarded as

essential, was the prime cause. The negotiations with Collins

to publish both works had collapsed. In June 1952 he wrote to

Rayner Unwin:

As for The Lord of the Rings and The Silmarillion, they are

where they were. The one finished (and the end revised), and

the other still unfinished (or unrevised), and both gathering

dust. I have been both off and on too unwell, and too

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/TOLKIEN,%20J.R.R.%20...dle%20Earth%20Series%2010%20(txt)/vol10/FOREWORD.TXT (1 of 4)14-7-2004 22:31:10

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/TOLKIEN,%20J.R.R.%20-%20The%20...20of%20Middle%20Earth%20Series%2010%20(txt)/vol10/FOREWORD.TXT

burdened to do much about them, and too downhearted.

Watching paper-shortages and costs mounting against me.

But I have rather modified my views. Better something than

nothing! Although to me all are one, and the 'Lord of the

Rings' would be better far (and eased) as part of the whole, I

would gladly consider the publication of any part of this stuff.

Years are becoming precious...

Thus he bowed to necessity, but it was a grief to him.

This second break was destructive - in the sense, that The

Silmarillion would never now be finally achieved. In the years

that followed he was overwhelmed: the demands of his position

in the University, and the necessity of moving house, led him to

declare that the preparation of The Lord of the Rings for

publication, which should have been 'a labour of delight', had

been 'transformed into a nightmare'. Publication was followed

by a huge correspondence of discussion, explanation, and

analysis, of which the examples retrieved and published in the

volume of his letters provide abundant evidence. It seems not to

have been until the end of the 1950s that he turned again

seriously to the Silmarillion narrative (for which there was now

an insistent demand). But it was too late. As will be seen in the

latter part of this book, much had changed since (and, as I

incline to think, in direct relation to) the publication of The

Lord of the Rings and its immediate aftermath. Meditating long

on the world that he had brought into being and was now in

part unveiled, he had become absorbed in analytic speculation

concerning its underlying postulates. Before he could prepare a

new and final Silmarillion he must satisfy the requirements of a

coherent theological and metaphysical system, rendered now

more complex in its presentation by the supposition of obscure

and conflicting elements in its roots and its tradition.

Among the chief 'structural' conceptions of the mythology

that he pondered in those years were the myth of Light; the

nature of Aman; the immortality (and death) of the Elves; the

mode of their reincarnation; the Fall of Men and the length of

their early history; the origin of the Orcs; and above all, the

power and significance of Melkor-Morgoth, which was en-

larged to become the ground and source of the corruption of

Arda. For this reason I have chosen Morgoth's Ring as the title

of this book. It derives from a passage in my father's essay

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/TOLKIEN,%20J.R.R.%20...dle%20Earth%20Series%2010%20(txt)/vol10/FOREWORD.TXT (2 of 4)14-7-2004 22:31:10

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/TOLKIEN,%20J.R.R.%20-%20The%20...20of%20Middle%20Earth%20Series%2010%20(txt)/vol10/FOREWORD.TXT

'Notes on motives in the Silmarillion' (pp. 394 ff.), in which he

contrasted the nature of Sauron's power, concentrated in the

One Ring, with that of Morgoth, enormously greater, but dis-

persed or disseminated into the very matter of Arda: 'the whole

of Middle-earth was Morgoth's Ring'.

Thus this book and (as I hope) its successor attempt to

document two radically distinct 'phases': that following the

completion of The Lord of the Rings, and that following its

publication. For a number of reasons, however, I have found it

more satisfactory in presentation to divide the material, not

according to these two 'phases', but by separating the narrative

into two parts. While this division is artificial, I have been able

to include in this book a high proportion of all that my father

wrote in the years after The Lord of the Rings was finished,

both in narrative and discussion (to which must be added of

course all the material in the volume of letters), concerning the

Elder Days before the Hiding of Valinor. The next volume will

contain, according to my intention, all or at any rate most of the

original texts relating to the legends of Beleriand and the War

of the Jewels, including the full text of the Grey Annals and a

major narrative remaining unpublished and unknown, The

Wanderings of Hurin.

The publication of the texts in this book makes it possible to

relate, if not at all points or in every detail, the first eleven

chapters (with the exception of Chapter II 'Of Aule and

Yavanna' and Chapter X 'Of the Sindar') of the published

Silmarillion to their sources. This is not the purpose of the book,

and I have not discussed the construction of the published text

at large; I have presented the material in terms of its evolution

from earlier forms, and in those parts that concern the revision

and rewriting of the Quenta Silmarillion I have retained the

paragraph numbers from the pre-Lord of the Rings text given in

Volume V, so that comparison is made simple. But the (inevit-

ably complex) documentation of the revised Quenta Silmaril-

lion is intended to show clearly its very curious relationship to

the Annals of Aman, which was a major consideration in the

formation of the text in the first part of the published work.

I am much indebted to Mr Charles Noad, who has once again

undertaken the onerous task of reading the text in proof

independently and checking all references and citations with

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/TOLKIEN,%20J.R.R.%20...dle%20Earth%20Series%2010%20(txt)/vol10/FOREWORD.TXT (3 of 4)14-7-2004 22:31:10

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/TOLKIEN,%20J.R.R.%20-%20The%20...20of%20Middle%20Earth%20Series%2010%20(txt)/vol10/FOREWORD.TXT

scrupulous care, to its great improvement.

I am very grateful for the following communications concern-

ing Volume IX, Sauron Defeated. Mr John D. Rateliff has

pointed out an entry in the diary of W. H. Lewis for 22 August

1946 (Brothers and Friends: The Diaries of Major Warren

Hamilton Lewis, ed. C. S. Kilby and M. L. Mead, 1982, p. 194).

In this entry Warnie Lewis recorded that at the Inklings meeting

that evening my father read 'a magnificent myth which is to knit

up and conclude his Papers of the Notions [sic] Club.' The myth

is of course the Drowning of Anadune. I was present on this

occasion but cannot recall it (in this connection see Sauron

Defeated p. 389).

Mr William Hicklin has explained why John Rashbold, the

undergraduate member of the Notion Club who never speaks,

should bear the second name Jethro. In the Old Testament

Moses' father-in-law is named both Jethro and Reuel (Exodus

2:18 and 3:1); thus John Jethro Rashbold = John Reuel Tolkien

(see Sauron Defeated pp. 151, 160).

I was unable to explain the reference (pp. 277 - 8) to the

retreat of the Danes from Porlock in Somerset to 'Broad Relic',

but Miss Rhona Beare has pointed out that 'Broad Relic' and

'Steep Relic' are in fact names used in manuscripts of the

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for the islands of Flatholme and

Steepholme at the mouth of the river Severn (see The Lost Road

and Other Writings p. 80); according to Earle and Plummer,

Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel (1892; II.128), 'The name

"Relic" may point to some Irish religious settlements on these

islands; "relicc" (= reliquiae) is the regular Irish name for a

cemetery.'

I take this opportunity to notice two important misprints that

entered the text of Sauron Defeated at a late stage. The first is

on p. 297, where line 45 of the poem Imram should read We

sailed then on till all winds failed, etc. The second is on p. 475,

where in Index II a line was dropped after the entry Pharazir;

the following should be restored: Pillar of Heaven, The 238,

241-2,249,302,315,317,335,353.

Lastly, I should mention that after the text of this book was in

print I added a discussion of the significance of the star-names

that appear on p. 160 to the head-note to the Index.

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/TOLKIEN,%20J.R.R.%20...dle%20Earth%20Series%2010%20(txt)/vol10/FOREWORD.TXT (4 of 4)14-7-2004 22:31:10

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/TOLKIEN,%20J.R.R.%20-%20The%20History%20of%20Middle%20Earth%20Series%2010%20(txt)/vol10/GL1.TXT

PART ONE.

AINULINDALE.

The evidence is clear that when The Lord of the Rings was at last

completed my father returned with great energy to the legends of the

Elder Days. He was working on the new version of the Lay of Leithian

in 1950 (III.330); and he noted (V.294) that he had revised the Quenta

Silmarillion as far as the end of the tale of Beren and Luthien on

10 May 1951. The last page of the later Tale of Tuor, where the

manuscript is reduced to notes before finally breaking off (Unfinished

Tales p. 56), is written on a page from an engagement calendar

bearing the date September 1951, and the same calendar, with dates in

September, October, and November 1951, was used for riders to Tuor

and the Grey Annals (the last version of the Annals of Beleriand and a

close companion work to the Annals of Aman, the last version of the

Annals of Valinor). The account, some ten thousand words long, of

the 'cycles' of the legends, written to Milton Waldman of the London

publisher Collins and given in part in The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien

(no.131), was very probably written towards the end of that year.

Until recently I had assumed without question that every element in

the new work on the Elder Days belonged to the years 1950 and 1951;

but I have now discovered unambiguous evidence that my father had

in fact turned again to the Ainulindale some years before he finished

The Lord of the Rings. As will be seen, this is no mere matter of

getting the textual history right, but is of great significance.

I had long been aware of extremely puzzling facts in the history of

the rewriting of the Ainulindale. The fine pre-Lord of the Rings

manuscript, lettered 'B', was described and printed in V.155 ff.; as I

noted there (p. 156) 'the manuscript became the vehicle of massive

rewriting many years later, when great changes in the cosmological

conception had entered.' So drastic was the revision (with a great deal

of new material written on the blank verso pages) that in the result

two distinct texts of the work, wholly divergent in essential respects,

exist physically in the same manuscript. This new text I shall

distinguish as 'C'.

But there is another text, a typescript made by my father, that was

also directly based on Ainulindale' B of the 1930s; and in this there

appears a much more radical - one might say a devastating - change

in the cosmology: for in this version the Sun is already in existence

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/TOLKIEN,%20J.R.R.%20...20Middle%20Earth%20Series%2010%20(txt)/vol10/GL1.TXT (1 of 45)14-7-2004 22:31:39

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/TOLKIEN,%20J.R.R.%20-%20The%20History%20of%20Middle%20Earth%20Series%2010%20(txt)/vol10/GL1.TXT

from the beginning of Arda. I shall refer to this typescript as 'C *'.

A peculiarity of C* is that for a long stretch it proceeds in very close

relationship to C, but yet constantly differs from it, though always in

quite insignificant ways. In many cases my father later wrote in the C

reading on the typescript. I will illustrate this by a single example, a

passage in $25 (p. 15). Here C*, as typed, has:

But when they clad themselves the Valar arrayed themselves in the

form and temper some as of male and some as of female; and the

choice that they made herein proceeded, doubtless, from that

temper that each had from their uttermost beginning; for male and

female are not matters only of the body any more than of the

raiment.

The C text has here:

But when they clad themselves the Valar arrayed them in the form

some as of male and some as of female; for that difference of temper

they had even from their beginning, and it is but bodied forth in the

choice of each, not made by the choice; even as with us male and

female may be shown by the raiment, but is not made thereby.

Now in C this passage was written at the same time as what precedes it

and what follows it - it is all of a piece; whereas in C* the original

typed passage was struck through and the C text substituted in pencil.

There seemed no other explanation possible but that C* preceded

C; yet it seemed extraordinary, even incredible, that my father should

have first made a clear new typescript version from the old B

manuscript and then returned to that manuscript to cover it somewhat

chaotically with new writing - the more so since C* and C are for

much of their length closely similar.

When working on The Notion Club Papers I found among rough

notes and jottings on the Adunaic language a torn half-sheet of the

same paper as carries a passage from the Ainulindale', written in pencil

in my father's most rapid hand. While not proof that he was working

on the Ainulindale' so early as 1946 (the year to which I ascribe the

development of Adunaic, when The Lord of the Rings had been long

halted and The Return of the King no more than begun: see IX.12 - 13,

147) this strongly suggested it; and as will be seen in a moment there is

certain evidence that the text C* was in existence by 1948. Moreover

in a main structural feature C* follows this bit of text, as C does not

(see p. 42); it seemed very probable therefore that C* was typed from

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/TOLKIEN,%20J.R.R.%20...20Middle%20Earth%20Series%2010%20(txt)/vol10/GL1.TXT (2 of 45)14-7-2004 22:31:39

文档加载中……请稍候！
如果长时间未打开，您也可以点击刷新试试。

下载文档到电脑，查找使用更方便

5.9 玖币 0人已下载

立即下载 VIP免费下载

摘要：

file:///K|/rah/J.R.R.%20Tolkien/TOLKIEN,%20J.R.R.%20-%20The%20...20of%20Middle%20Earth%20Series%2010%20(txt)/vol10/CONTENTS.TXTTheSilmarillion,foundationoftheimaginedworldofJ.R.R.Tolkien,wasasiswellknownnevercompleted,neverbroughttoafinalformafterthewritingofTheLordoftheRings:theworkisknownfromthet...

展开>> 收起<<

J.R.R. Tolkien - The History of Middle-Earth - 10.pdf

共456页,预览92页

还剩页未读，继续阅读

声明：本站为文档C2C交易模式，即用户上传的文档直接被用户下载，本站只是中间服务平台，本站所有文档下载所得的收益归上传人(含作者)所有。玖贝云文库仅提供信息存储空间，仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理，对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。若文档所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私，请立即通知玖贝云文库，我们立即给予删除！

J.R.R. Tolkien - The History of Middle-Earth - 10

相关推荐

开通VIP享超值会员特权

作者详情

相关内容

热门标签

举报选择: