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E-mail: bdea@buddhanet.net

Web site: www.buddhanet.net

Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc.

Published by The World Buddhist University

Buddhism in Thailand

iii

Ayutthaya

iii

Buddhism

Thailand

Published in commemoration of

the 4th General Meeting of the

World Buddhist University Council

at the Grand Blue Wave Hotel,

Shah Alam, Selangor, D.E. Malaysia

on 9-10 December B.E. 2545 (2002).

Contents

Preface .................................................................................................2

Part One:

Buddhism In The Kingdom Of Thailand

Chapter One

Buddhism In India After The

Master’s Demise .................................................................4

Chapter Two

Buddhism In Ancient Thailand ............................ 13

Chapter Three

Buddhism In The Thai Kingdom ......................... 20

Chapter Four

The 25th Buddhist Century Celebration

In Thailand (1957 A.D.) ............................................ 48

Part Two:

Buddhist Education In Thailand

Introduction .................................................................................. 53

Chapter One

Ceylonese Buddhism In Thailand ....................... 58

Chapter Two

King Lithai (B.E. 1890-1919) ................................. 68

Chapter Three

Buddhist Education In The

Lanna Kingdom ............................................................... 75

Chapter Four

Buddhist Education In The Early

Ayutthaya Period ............................................................ 81

Chapter Five

Religious Language & The

Writing System ................................................................ 88

Chapter Six

Buddhist Education Of The Middle

Ayutthaya Period (B.E. 2031-2275

or 1488-1732 A.D.) ........................................................ 95

Chapter Seven

The Final Ayutthaya Period

(B.E. 2275-2310 or 1732-1863 A.D.) ..............103

Chapter Eight

Ratanakosin Period (B.E. 2325- or

1782- A.D.) .......................................................................116

Some Facts And Figures On Buddhism

In Thailand ..................................................................................123

Preface

This current volume, Buddhism in Thailand, is published

in commemoration of the 4th General Meeting of the

World Buddhist University Council – held at the Grand

Blue Wave Hotel in Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia from

9 to 11 December, 2002 – and is a revision and re-pub-

lication of an earlier volume published under the same

title by the World Fellowship of Buddhists in B.E. 2524

(1980 A.D.). This work presents facts and figures about

the current condition of Buddhism in Thailand, historical

background sketches of the establishment and growth of

the Buddhist community in Thailand and information on

Buddhist education in Thailand.

Buddha Dhamma was first pursued and took firm root in

ancient Thailand during the Sukhothai period, the first

Thai kingdom. Today there are thousands of Buddhist

structures, pagodas and temples scattered about in every

corner of the country. Buddhism is a religion of peace and

is the religion of Thailand. Buddha Dhamma has played a

profound role in forging the peaceful and tolerant nature

of the Thai people. The Thai peoples’ now-famous smile,

friendliness and relaxed attitude all attest to their under-

lying commitment to the teachings of the Buddha. The

effect of Buddhism in Thailand is not only to be found in

the personal and mental peace of its people but can also

be seen in their pursuit of academia, careers, family life

and so forth. The discipline of Buddhism teaches skill

in looking after one’s self and one’s community. This is

what is pursued in Buddhist Thailand.

Thanks are due to H.E. Phan Wannamethee, President of

the World Fellowship of Buddhists, who kindly granted

permission for publishing this volume. It is hoped that

the material presented in this book will provide the read-

er with a clear view of the role of Buddhism in Thailand.

Noranit Setabutr

Rector, World Buddhist University

PART ONE:

BUDDHISM IN THE KINGDOM OF THAILAND

Chapter One

Buddhism In India

After The Master’s Demise

With respect to the Buddha’s instruction to the bhikkhus

before his passing away, informing them that his doc-

trine, that is to say the Norm and the Law, shall be their

teacher when he is gone, it is well to have at least a bird’s

eye view of the history of the Dhamma or his Doctrine

from the time of his Parinibbana (passing away) up to

the present time. This may give a better understanding

and a firm foundation for reasonable belief for those in-

tellectuals who wish to know something of the historical

facts in addition to the Message itself.

It is generally believed that during the Master’s lifetime

there was no systematic classification of the Doctrine as

is known in the present. Like a variety of scattered flow-

ers blooming here and there in the garden, the teaching

of the Master must have been maintained orally and

individually; that is to say, according to the tendency of

individual disciples. These instructions and admonitions

given by the Master were systematically arranged, like

the arranging of flowers in a vase, by wise and holy dis-

ciples after the Master’s passing away.

We learn from historical facts that shortly after the

Buddha’s passing away there was what could be called a

bad omen for those who were well-wishers of Buddhism.

The tears of his mourners had not yet dried when a fol-

lower of the devoted Elder Kassapa, an old bhikkhu called

Subhadda, suddenly surprised – or rather shocked – the

mourners by the bold declaration that now the Master

had passed away it would be better, in that there would

no longer be anyone to force them or forbid them to do

this and to do that.

This, to the Venerable Kassapa, foreshadowed the deter-

ioration of the Buddha’s doctrine if left unchecked. So he

expressed his concern to the other devoted Elders, who

were Arahats, or Saints. They were unanimous in their

support of his plan – that there should be held a Council

of Elders or Arahats for the sake of reciting the Message

of the Master, so that it could be memorised and handed

down in its pristine purity to the younger generations.

With such an agreement, the place and the persons who

were to participate in this great undertaking had been

proposed and carefully selected. The cave of Sattapanna,

of Vebhara mountain in the town of Rajagaha, was finally

chosen and the participants, according to general agree-

ment, were to be the Buddha’s contemporary Arahats.

This was the first Sangàyanà, or Buddhist Council, which

lasted seven months, during which King Ajatasattu of

Magadha was the prime supporter and host and contrib-

uted the financial help for expediting this great task.

This Sangàyanà, attended by 500 Arahat contempo-

raries of the Buddha, was undertaken for the purpose

of settling upon the contents of the Buddhist Canon by

revising, classifying and standardizing the various teach-

ings of the Buddha during the 45 years of his preaching.

Obviously it was a great enterprise as well as a huge

undertaking. It is not an overestimate, therefore, to say

that much, or rather most of the success was due to the

Venerable Ananda, who was the Master’s personal atten-

dant bhikkhu (Buddhist monk) and who had heard and

committed to memory almost all of the Suttas and the

Abhidhamma, these being the second and third of the

three Baskets (Tripiñaka) of the Buddhist Canon. Work

on the first of the Baskets – concerning the Vinaya, or

Monastic Law – was accomplished through the memory

of the Venerable Upàli, who had always distinguished

himself in that field. After the process of questioning

and answering in detail, all other attending Arahats, or

Saints including the Venerable Kassapa, who presided

over the Council, recited those passages repeatedly until

they were word-perfect. Just how great and difficult this

task was may be seen from the fact that the Council con-

tinued for seven months before the entire teachings were

satisfactorily revised.

When the meeting was closed the participating Arahats

then went forth on their missionary work, preaching to

their own followers the Dhamma, or Message, that had

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eBUDDHANET'SBOOKLIBRARYE-mail:bdea@buddhanet.netWebsite:www.buddhanet.netBuddhaDharmaEducationAssociationInc.PublishedbyTheWorldBuddhistUniversityBuddhisminThailandBuddhisminThailandiiiiiAyutthayaiiiiiBuddhisminThailand*Publishedincommemorationofthe4thGeneralMeetingoftheWorldBuddhistUniversityCounci...

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