The Role of a Heavy Neutrino in the Gamma-Ray Burst GRB221009A Kingman Cheungab

2025-05-06 0 0 232.2KB 6 页 10玖币

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The Role of a Heavy Neutrino in the Gamma-Ray Burst

GRB221009A

Kingman Cheunga,b

aDepartment of Physics and Center for Theory and Computation,

National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan

bDivision of Quantum Phases and Devices, School of Physics,

Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea

(Dated: November 1, 2022)

Abstract

Recently, several telescopes, including Swift-BAT, GBM, and LHAASO, have observed the ever

highest-energy and long-duration gamma-rays from a gamma-ray burst named as GRB221009A

(located at a red-shift of z= 0.151) on October 9, 2022. Conventional understanding tells us that

very high-energy photons produced at such a far distance suﬀer severe attenuation before reaching

the Earth. We propose the existence of a sub-MeV to O(10) MeV heavy neutrino with a transitional

magnetic dipole moment, via which the heavy neutrino is produced at the GRB. It then travels a

long distance to our galaxy and decays into a neutrino and a photon, which is observed. In such a

way, the original high-energy photon produced at the GRB can survive long-distance attenuation.

arXiv:2210.14178v2 [hep-ph] 31 Oct 2022

Recently, the ever highest-energy and long-duration gamma rays were detected on Oct.

9, 2022, ﬁrst by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) [1] and the Fermi Gamma-ray

Burst Monitor (GBM) [2]. Subsequently, observations of the very highest gamma rays were

recorded from the same source by the FERMI-LAT [3, 4], LHAASO [5], and the Carpet-2

[6]. Such a gamma-ray burst (GRB) was measured at a red-shift of z= 0.151 [7, 8], which

corresponds to about 720 Mpc (≈2×1025 m). The energy of the very high energy (VHE)

photons is determined to be at least 10 TeV and perhaps as high as 250 TeV.

The detection of very high-energy photons at such a far distance cannot be explained by

conventional physics. The current understanding of such VHE photons is due to the explo-

sion of a supermassive star and the creation of a black hole. In such a violent environment,

it is not diﬃcult to imagine very high-energy collisions taking place and thus creating a lot

of hadrons such as pions, kaons, etc. The energetic neutral pions then decay into photons

and charged pions into muons and neutrinos. However, since the GRB is at a very far

distance from us, the VHE photons will lose most of the energies along their path to us by

pair creation, Compton scattering, and other mechanisms. Thus, the detection of such VHE

photons by satellite experiments or experiments on the Earth is beyond our understanding.

An explanation of photon-axion-photon conversion was put forward to explain the

anomaly [9–13]. The VHE photons so-produced are converted into axions by the inter-

action faaFµν ˜

Fµν . The axions then travel a long distance to near our galaxy without

interacting with the intergalactic space and are converted back to photons in presence of a

magnetic ﬁeld of our galaxy. In this way, the original energy of the VHE photons is pre-

served. Other possible interpretations include Lorentz inverse violation [14–16], modiﬁcation

of ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray spectrum [17, 18].

The idea of photon-axion-photon conversion is based on the fact that axions rarely interact

along the path of propagation. Another well-known particle that shares this property is the

neutrino. How does a VHE photon related to a neutrino? We propose the existence of

a heavy neutrino (denoted by N) of a mass around O(10−2)−O(10) MeV, which has a

transitional magnetic dipole moment with an active neutrino. In the violent environment

around the GRB, it is not diﬃcult to imagine that there are numerous high-energy hadronic

collisions, which produce a large number of pions, kaons, etc. Thus, we suggest that the

neutral pion can decay into a photon, an active neutrino, and a heavy neutrino, and also

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摘要：

TheRoleofaHeavyNeutrinointheGamma-RayBurstGRB221009AKingmanCheunga;baDepartmentofPhysicsandCenterforTheoryandComputation,NationalTsingHuaUniversity,Hsinchu30013,TaiwanbDivisionofQuantumPhasesandDevices,SchoolofPhysics,KonkukUniversity,Seoul143-701,RepublicofKorea(Dated:November1,2022)AbstractRecentl...

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