The LHCspin project A polarised gas target at the Large Hadron Collider Marco Santimaria1Vittore Carassiti2Giuseppe Ciullo23Pasquale Di Nezza1Paolo

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The LHCspin project

A polarised gas target at the Large Hadron Collider

Marco Santimaria1,∗,Vittore Carassiti2,Giuseppe Ciullo2,3,Pasquale Di Nezza1,Paolo

Lenisa2,3,Saverio Mariani4,5,Luciano Libero Pappalardo2,3, and Erhard Steﬀens6

1INFN - Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati (RM), Italy

2INFN - Ferrara, via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara (FE), Italy

3Department of Physics, University of Ferrara, via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara (FE), Italy

4INFN - Firenze, via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy

5Department of physics, University of Firenze, via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy

6Physics department, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7 /B2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany

Abstract. The goal of LHCspin is to develop, in the next few years, innova-

tive solutions and cutting-edge technologies to access spin physics in polarised

ﬁxed-target collisions at high energy, exploring the unique kinematic regime

oﬀered by LHC and exploiting new ﬁnal states by means of the LHCb detector.

1 Introduction

The LHC delivers proton and lead beams with an energy of 7 TeV and 2.76 TeV per nu-

cleon, respectively, with world’s highest intensity. Fixed-target proton-gas collisions occur

at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon of up to 115 GeV in the case of a hydrogen target.

The large centre-of-mass boost oﬀers an unprecedented opportunity to investigate partons

carrying a large fraction of the target nucleon momentum, i.e. large Bjorken−xvalues.

The LHCb detector [1] is a general-purpose forward spectrometer specialised in detecting

hadrons containing cand bquarks, and the only LHC detector able to collect data in both

collider and ﬁxed-target mode. It is fully instrumented in the 2 <η<5 region with a vertex

locator (VELO), a tracking system, two Cherenkov detectors, electromagnetic and hadronic

calorimeters and a muon detector.

The ﬁxed-target physics program of LHCb is active since the installation of the SMOG

device [2], enabling the injection of noble gases in the beam pipe section crossing the VELO

detector at a pressure of O(10−7) mbar.

With the SMOG2 upgrade [3], an openable gas storage cell, shown in Fig. 1 (left), has

been installed in 2020 in front of the VELO. The cell boosts the target areal density by a factor

of 8 to 35 depending on the injected gas species, and creates a localised beam-gas collision

region which is well detached from the proton-proton vertices. As shown in Fig. 1 (right),

full tracking eﬃciency is expected in the beam-gas region, despite its upstream position with

respect to the VELO. Due to these developments, ﬁxed-target data will be collected in the

upcoming Run 3 with a novel reconstruction software allowing for the simultaneous data-

taking of beam-gas and beam-beam collisions. SMOG2 will oﬀer a rich physics program

∗e-mail: marco.santimaria@cern.ch

arXiv:2210.13997v1 [hep-ex] 25 Oct 2022

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TheLHCspinprojectApolarisedgastargetattheLargeHadronColliderMarcoSantimaria1;,VittoreCarassiti2,GiuseppeCiullo2;3,PasqualeDiNezza1,PaoloLenisa2;3,SaverioMariani4;5,LucianoLiberoPappalardo2;3,andErhardSteens61INFN-LaboratoriNazionalidiFrascati,viaEnricoFermi54,00044Frascati(RM),Italy2INFN-Ferrara,v...

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The LHCspin project A polarised gas target at the Large Hadron Collider Marco Santimaria1Vittore Carassiti2Giuseppe Ciullo23Pasquale Di Nezza1Paolo

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