Technische Universität Berlin Institut für Softwaretechnik und Theoretische Informatik Security in Telecommunications

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Technische Universität Berlin
Institut für Softwaretechnik und Theoretische Informatik
Security in Telecommunications
Fakultät IV
Ernst-Reuter-Platz 7
10587 Berlin
www.isti.tu-berlin.de
Master Thesis
Uncovering Fingerprinting Networks.
An Analysis of In-Browser Tracking using a
Behavior-based Approach
Sebastian Neef
Matriculation Number: 350692
s.neef@campus.tu-berlin.de
29.03.2021
Supervised by
Prof. Dr. Jean-Pierre Seifert
Second Supervisor
Prof. Dr. Florian Tschorsch
Assistant Supervisor
M.Sc. Julian Fietkau
arXiv:2210.11300v1 [cs.CR] 15 Aug 2022
Declaration
I hereby declare that the thesis submitted is my own, unaided work, completed
without any unpermitted external help. Only the sources and resources listed were
used.
The independent and unaided completion of the thesis is affirmed by affidavit:
Berlin, the 29th of March, 2021
Sebastian Neef
Due to the collaboration with SecT’s research assistant Julian Fietkau and master’s
degree candidate Felix Kybranz on the paper The Elephant in the Background. A
Quantitative Approach to Empower Users Against Web Browser Fingerprinting [38]
prior to the thesis, this work references their goals, methods and tools. Therefore,
it is closely related to the paper and Kybranz’s thesis [38, 66], but comprises the
essential ideas, implementation, and results of Sebastian Neef’s work.
III
Acknowledgements
My profound gratitude goes to the whole SecT department for making me feel
at home. Foremost to Prof. Seifert for supervising my thesis and Julian Fietkau
for assisting with insightful ideas, productive discussions, and helpful guidance.
Furthermore, I sincerely appreciate countless tips and constructive feedback from
all members of AG Rechnersicherheit. Finally, I must thank my whole family and
friends for always motivating and supporting me throughout my life. Thank you
all!
Abstract
Throughout recent years, the importance of internet-privacy has continuously risen.
The General Data Protection Regulation by the European Union fundamentally
changed digital data processing by requiring explicit consent for processing person-
ally identifiable information. In combination with the cookie law, users can opt-out
of being profiled by advertisers or other entities. Browser fingerprinting is a tech-
nique that does not require cookies or persistent identifiers. It derives a sufficiently
unique identifier from the various browser or device properties. Academic work
has covered offensive and defensive fingerprinting methods for almost a decade,
observing a rise in popularity.
This thesis explores the current state of browser fingerprinting on the internet.
For that, we implement FPNET - a scalable & reliable tool based on FPMON, to
identify fingerprinting scripts on large sets of websites by observing their behavior.
By scanning the Alexa Top 10,000 websites, we spot several hundred networks of
equally behaving scripts. For each network, we determine the actor behind it. We
track down companies like Google, Yandex, Maxmind, Sift, or FingerprintJS, to
name a few.
In three complementary studies, we further investigate the uncovered networks
with regards to I) randomization of filenames or domains, II) behavior changes,
III) security. Two consecutive scans reveal that only less than 12.5% of the pages
do not change script files. With our behavior-based approach, we successfully re-
identify almost 9,000 scripts whose filename or domain changed, and over 86%
IV
of the scripts without URL changes. The security analysis shows an adoption of
TLS/SSL to over 98% and specific web security headers set for over 30% of the
scripts.
Finally, we voice concerns about the unavoidability of modern fingerprinting and
its implications for internet users’ privacy since we believe that many users are
unaware of being fingerprinted or have insufficient possibilities to protect against
it.
V
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TechnischeUniversitätBerlinInstitutfürSoftwaretechnikundTheoretischeInformatikSecurityinTelecommunicationsFakultätIVErnst-Reuter-Platz710587Berlinwww.isti.tu-berlin.deMasterThesisUncoveringFingerprintingNetworks.AnAnalysisofIn-BrowserTrackingusingaBehavior-basedApproachSebastianNeefMatriculationNumb...

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