Natural Language Processing for Cognitive Analysis of Emotions Gustave Cortal1Alain Finkel14Patrick Paroubek2 and Lina Ye3

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Natural Language Processing for

Cognitive Analysis of Emotions

Gustave Cortal1,Alain Finkel1,4,Patrick Paroubek2, and Lina Ye3

1Universit´e Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire M´ethodes Formelles, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

2Universit´e Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Num´erique, 91400 Orsay, France

3Universit´e Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSup´elec, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

4Institut Universitaire de France, France

gustave.cortal@ens-paris-saclay.fr,alain.finkel@lsv.fr,pap@limsi.fr,lina.ye@centralesupelec.fr

Abstract. Emotion analysis in texts suﬀers from two major limitations: annotated gold-standard cor-

pora are mostly small and homogeneous, and emotion identiﬁcation is often simpliﬁed as a sentence-level

classiﬁcation problem. To address these issues, we introduce a new annotation scheme for exploring emo-

tions and their causes, along with a new French dataset composed of autobiographical accounts of an

emotional scene. The texts were collected by applying the Cognitive Analysis of Emotions developed by

A. Finkel to help people improve on their emotion management. The method requires the manual analysis

of an emotional event by a coach trained in Cognitive Analysis. We present a rule-based approach to

automatically annotate emotions and their semantic roles (e.g. emotion causes) to facilitate the identiﬁ-

cation of relevant aspects by the coach. We investigate future directions for emotion analysis using graph

structures.

Keywords: Sentiment Analysis ·Aspect-Based Emotion Analysis ·Natural Language Processing ·Cog-

nitive Analysis of Emotions ·Rule-Based system

1 Introduction

1.1 Cognitive Analysis of Emotions

Similar to many psychological theories (e.g. Freud’s psychoanalysis, Perls’ Gestalt therapy, Greenberg’s Emotion-

focused therapy, Shapiro’s Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing and most psychological theories

of emotions including Appraisal Theory), the Cognitive Analysis of Emotions (CAE) (Finkel, 2022) considers

that the mind, in a given scene, processes emotions and associated cognitions according to a cycle. For the

most part, this process is not conscious and begins with the identiﬁcation of a situation and its issues. Then, it

is followed by a reﬂection concerning the beneﬁts and disadvantages of possible choices of actions. A decision

is made, and the chosen action is executed. Finally, the cycle ends with a return to a ready state that is able

to process the next scene.

For instance, I am waiting for my turn to take a ticket at the cash desk of the cinema when someone passes

me. I feel angry because I think neither I nor the social rules have been respected. I evaluate my possible

actions and their consequences: protest verbally, physically push the person away, do nothing or run away. As

my fear of a conﬂict overtakes my anger, I decide to keep quiet and do nothing.

The conﬂict I avoided in the outside world may be internalized in my mind. I may be angry at the part of

myself that didn’t defend my rights, or I may be sad to be separated from my vision of a fair world. In this

example, the emotion processing cycle did not go as well as possible. I remain mentally preoccupied after the

scene. I have regrets and doubts. I mentally replay the scene diﬀerently.

The CAE is part of discrete emotion theory as it studies how the four primary emotions (joy, sadness,

anger and fear) appear in autobiographical accounts describing brief scenes (lasting a few tens of seconds) with

emotions experienced by the author. One of CAE assumptions is that an emotion coming to our consciousness

is a message to solve a problem (in the sense of problem-solving) associated with this emotion.

The universal problems, signaled by the four primary emotions, are formalized through the notion of

territory. The previous scene stages an attack on the following two territories: my free time (constrained by

the cinema queue) and my comforting vision of an organized and predictable world with laws accepted by

almost everyone. Anger and fear are signals that at least one of our territories is under attack. It is up to

us to defend (anger) or ﬂee (fear) from it. Joy and sadness are signals that a change in our connection to a

arXiv:2210.05296v1 [cs.CL] 11 Oct 2022

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摘要：

NaturalLanguageProcessingforCognitiveAnalysisofEmotionsGustaveCortal1,AlainFinkel1;4,PatrickParoubek2,andLinaYe31UniversiteParis-Saclay,CNRS,ENSParis-Saclay,LaboratoireMethodesFormelles,91190,Gif-sur-Yvette,France2UniversiteParis-Saclay,CNRS,LaboratoireInterdisciplinairedesSciencesduNumerique,91...

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Natural Language Processing for Cognitive Analysis of Emotions Gustave Cortal1Alain Finkel14Patrick Paroubek2 and Lina Ye3

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