ApplyingFrameNettoChinesePoetry ZirongChen DepartmentofComputerScience

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Applying FrameNet to Chinese (Poetry)

Zirong Chen

Department of Computer Science

Georgetown University

Washington, DC, USA

zc157@gerogetown.edu

Abstract

FrameNet( Fillmore and Baker [2009] ) is

well-known for its wide use for

knowledge representation in the form of

inheritance-based ontologies and

lexica( Trott et al. [2020]). Although

FrameNet is usually applied to languages

like English, Spanish and Italian, there

are still plenty of FrameNet data sets

available for other languages like Chinese,

which differs significantly from those

languages based on Latin alphabets. In

this paper, the translation from ancient

Chinese Poetry to modern Chinese will

be first conducted to further apply the

Chinese FrameNet(CFN, provided by

Shanxi University). Afterwards, the

translation from modern Chinese will be

conducted as well for the comparison

between the applications of CFN and

English FrameNet. Finally, the overall

comparison will be draw between CFN to

modern Chinese and English FrameNet.

1. Introduction

The detailed definition of FrameNet will not be

discussed in this paper.

CFN is a vocabulary database, including frames,

vocabulary units and annotated sentences. It is

based on the theory of frame semantics, cites

Burke's work on FrameNet( Fillmore and Baker

[2009] ) written in English, and is supported by

evidence from a large Chinese corpus. CFN

currently contains 323 semantic frames, 3,947

lexical units, and more than 18,000 annotated

sentences with framed syntax and semantic

information, covering the common core of

language and more specialized fields such as

travel, online book sales and law. And a speech

with 200 comments. In addition to constructing

the CFN database, they also study the

framework semantic theory related to Chinese,

and study the construction technology of

CFN-based applications. They have developed a

frame semantic role labeling system for single

sentences and speech.

Tangshi(Shi form of Chinese verse/Poetry in the

Tang Dynasty, 618AD to 907AD), Songci(Ci

form of Chinese verse/Poetry in the Song

Dynasty, 960AD to 1279AD) and Yuanqu(Qu

form of Chinese verse/Poetry in the Yuan

Dynasty, 1271AD to 1368AD) are widely

considered as the crowning achievement of

Chinese Literature. Among them, Songci will be

chosen for analysis in this paper, reasons are

listed below.

Generally, there are two genres of Tangshi:

seven-feet rhyme and five-feet rhyme. The

seven-feet rhyme has 56 characters in total, with

8 sentences each containing 7 characters. Each

character in Chinese has exactly 1 syllable,

making each sentence 7-syllable long. Hence the

name seven-feet rhyme. The five-feet rhyme

works in a similar fashion. The appropriateness

of grammar, especially by modern standards,

was often sacrificed so that the meter and length

of the poem could fit the strict fashion of

Tangshi described above. So Tangshi is not

suitable for the application of CFN. Because

they were created as lyrics that are meant to fit

into common tunes(there were more than 1,000

types of tunes), Songci and Yuanqu do not share

the same constrains as Tangshi. Therefore,

Songci and Yuanqu are more fitting options for

CFN. Personally, I prefer Songci over Yuanqu

due to historical reasons. Thus, I chose to apply

Songci to CFN later.

2. Related Work

Previous work based on the FrameNet(Fillmore

and Baker [2009] ) project, such as the online

annotation tool provided by the Brazil Research

Lab, has made it more convenient than ever to

do research on the different applications of

FrameNet.

Besides, the Chinese FrameNet(CFN) is a

current active research topic at Semantic

Computing & Chinese FrameNet Research

Center, Shanxi University, China. CFN currently

contains 1,152 semantic frames, 12,153 lexical

units(LU), more than 18,000 sentences. After

consulting with Prof. Ru Li at Shanxi University,

only the access to 1,152 frames and 12,153

lexical units is available for research proposes.

With the help from CFN, we are now able to

annotate modern Chinese translated from

Songci.

3. Experiments

Experiments will include:

a) Translate Chinese Poetry to modern

Chinese and English.

b) Apply FrameNet to annotate some

sentences in modern Chinese and English.

c) Conclude some patterns in the

application of FrameNet to Chinese.

d) Directly apply CFN to Chinese Poetry.

N.B. Chinese Poetry refers to ancient Chinese

Poetry. More details are shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1

3.1 Experiment Resources

We will choose one piece of Songci in this

paper to analyze and there are 9 sentences

included in total:

雨霖铃·寒蝉凄切-柳永(Y ong Liu)

Yu/lin/lin · Han/chan/qi/qie

N.B. We will apply ‘/’ to separate the pinyin

for each Chinese character.

Here is the poetry in Chinese(‘Y·H’ for

abbreviation):

雨霖铃·寒蝉凄切

[宋]柳永

寒蝉凄切(a)，对长亭晚(b)，骤雨初歇(c)。[1]

都门帐饮无绪(a)，留恋处，兰舟催发(b)。[2]执手

相看泪眼，竟无语凝噎(a)。[3]念去去，千里烟波(a)，

暮霭沉沉楚天阔(b)。[4]

多情自古伤离别(a)，更那堪，冷落清秋节(b)！

[5]今宵酒醒何处(a)？[6]杨柳岸，晓风残月(a)。[7]

此去经年，应是良辰好景虚设(a)。[8]便纵有千种风

情(a)，更与何人说(c)？[9]

3.2 Splitting and Tr anslating

In this part, I set up two surveys for Chinese

classmates：

1) is to split sentences in Chinese Poetry

according to the context and its semantics.

2) is to translate sentences from Chinese

Poetry to modern Chinese, and from modern

Chinese to English.

The results of first survey is from Baidu Online

Knowledge Base for Ancient Chinese Literature

[2017]. And the final results of the second

survey is based on the ranking of the peer

reviewing scores, with a scale from 0 to 10, of

all the answers from participants(three

classmates, author and Google Translator).

Ranking scores can be found in table 1,

Appendix. Splitting results can be found in Y·H.

Here are the corresponding sub-sentences

translated to modern Chinese:

[1]:

(a)秋蝉的叫声凄凉而急促

(b)傍晚时分，面对着长亭

(c)骤雨刚停

[2]:

(a)在京都郊外设帐饯行，却没有畅饮的心绪

(b)正在依依不舍的时候，船上的人已催着出

发

[3]:

(a)握着对方的手含着泪对视，哽咽的说不出

话来

[4]:

(a)想到这一去路途遥远，千里烟波渺茫

(b)傍晚的云雾笼罩着蓝天，深厚广阔，不知

尽头

[5]:

(a)自古以来，多情的人总是为离别而伤感

(b)更何况是在这冷清、凄凉的秋天

[6]:

(a)谁知我今夜酒醒时身在何处

[7]:

(a)在杨柳岸边，伴着凄厉的晨风和黎明的残

月

[8]:

(a)这一去长年相别，我料想即使遇到好天气、

好风景，也如同虚设

[9]：

(a)即使有满腹的情意，又再同谁去诉说呢

Here are those sentences translated to English:

[1]:

(a)Autumn has fallen; the cicadas let out

poignant and anxious cries.

(b)In the dusk, (I was) standing in front

of the pavilion.

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ApplyingFrameNettoChinese(Poetry)ZirongChenDepartmentofComputerScienceGeorgetownUniversityWashington,DC,USAzc157@gerogetown.eduAbstractFrameNet(FillmoreandBaker[2009])iswell-knownforitswideuseforknowledgerepresentationintheformofinheritance-basedontologiesandlexica(Trottetal.[2020]).AlthoughFrameNet...

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