2021年考研英语二真题及参考答案

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2021 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D

on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

It's not difficult to set targets for staff. It is much harder, 1 ,to understand their negative

consequences. Most work-related behaviors have multiple components. 2 one and the others

become distorted.

Travel on a London bus and you'll 3 see how this works with drivers. Watch people get

on and show their tickets. Are they carefully inspected? Never. Do people get on without paying?

Of course! Are there inspectors to 4 that people have paid? Possibly, but very few. And people

who run for the bus? They are 5 .How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently

as cyclists.

Why? Because the target is 6 .People complained that buses were late and infrequent.

7 , the number of buses and bus lanes were increased, and drivers were 8 or punished

according to the time they took. And drivers hit these targets. But they 9 hit cyclists. If the

target was changed to 10 ,you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing. If the

criterion changed to safety, you would get more 11 drivers who obeyed traftic laws. But both

these criteria would be at the expense of time.

There is another 12 : people became immensely inventive in hitting targets. Have you 13

thatyoucanleaveonaflightanhourlatebutstillarriveontime?Tailwinds?Ofcoursenot!

Airlines have simply changed the time a 14 is meant to take. A one-hour flight is now ballad

as a two-hour flight.

The 15 of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria.

Choose one criterion and you may well 16 others.Everything Can be done faster and made

cheaper,but there is a 17 . Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences.

This is not an argument against target-setting. But it is an argument for exploring

consequences first. All good targets should have multiple criteria 18 critical factors such as

time,money, quality and customer feedback. The trick is not only to 19 just one or even two

dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better 20 the objective.

1. A. therefore B. however C. again D. moreover

2. A. Emphasize B. Identify C. Assess D. Explain

3. A. nearly B. curiously C. eagerly D. quickly

4. A.claim B. prove C. check D. recall

5. A. threatened B. ignored C. mocked D. blamed

6. A. punctuality B. hospitality C. competition D. innovation

7. A. Yet B. So C. Besides D. Still

8. A. hired B. trained C. rewarded D. grouped

9. A. only B. rather C. Once D. Also

10. A. comfort B. revenue C. efficiency D. security

11. A. friendly B. quiet C. cautious D. diligent

12. A. purpose B. problem C. prejudice D. policy

13. A. interesting B. revealed C. abmitted D. noticed

14. A. break B. trip C. departure D. transfer

15. A. moral B. background C. style D. form

16.A.interpretB.criticizeC.sacrificeD.tolerate

17. A. task B. secret C. product D. cost

18. A. leading to B. calling for C.relating to D. accounting for

19. A. specify B. predict C. restore D. create

20. A. modify B. review C. present D. achieve

参考答案：

1-5：BADCB

6-10：ABCDB

11-15：CBDBA

16-20：CDCAD

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text 1

Reskilling is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually a requirement if we plan

to have a future where a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind.

We know we are moving into a period where the jobs in demand will change rapidly, as will

the requirements of the jobs that remain. Research by the WEF detailed in the Harvard Business

Review, finds that on average 42 per cent of the “core skill” within job roles will change by 2022.

Thatisaveryshorttimeline,sowecanonlyimaginewhatthechangeswillbefurtherinthe

future.

The question of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one. For individual companies, the

temptation is always to let go of workers whose skills are no longer demand and replace them with

those whose skills are. That does not always happen. AT&T is often given as the gold standard of

a company who decided to do a massive reskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hire

strategy ultimately retraining 18,000 employees. Prepandemic, other companies including

Amazon and Disney had also pledged to create their own plans. When the skills mismatch is in the

broader economy though, the focus usually turns to government to handle. Efforts in Canada and

elsewhere have been arguably languid at best, and have given us a situation where we frequently

hear of employers begging for workers even at times and in regions where unemployment is high.

With the pandemic, unemployment is very high indeed. In February, at 3.5 per cent and 5.5

per cent respectively, unemployment rates in Canada and the United States were at generational

lows and worker shortages were everywhere. As of May, those rates had spiked up to 13.3 per

cent and 13.7 per cent, and although many worker shortages had disappeared, not all had done so.

In the medical field, to take an obvious example, the pandemic meant that there were still clear

shortages of doctors, nurses and other medical personnel.

Of course, it is not like you can take an unemployed waiter and train him to be doctor in few

weeks, no matter who pays for it. But even if you cannot close that gap, maybe you can close

others, and doing so would be to the benefit of all concerned. That seems to be the case in Sweden,

where the pandemic kick-started a retraining program where business as well as government had a

role.

Reskilling in this way would be challenging in a North American context. You can easily

imagine a chorus of "you can’t do that" because teachers or nurses or whoever have special skills,

andusinganysupportstaffwhohasbeenquicklytrainedisboundtoendindisaster.Maybe.Or

maybe it is something that can work well in Sweden, with its history of co-operation between

business, labour and government, but not in North America where our history is very different.

Then again, maybe it is akin to wartime, when extraordinary things take place, but it is business as

usual after the fact. And yet, as in war the pandemic is teaching us that many things, including

rapid reskilling, can be done if there is a will to do them. In any case, Swedens’ work force is now

moreskilled,inmorethings,andmoreflexiblethanitwasbefore.

Of course, reskilling programs, whether for pandemic needs or the postpandemic world, are

expensive and at a time when everyone’s budgets are lean this may not be the time to implement

them. Then again, extending income support programs to get us through the next months is

expensive, too, to say nothing of the cost of having a swath of long-term unemployed in the

POST-COVID years Given that, perhaps we should think hard about whether the pandemic can

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摘要：

2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)It'snotdifficulttosettargetsforstaff.Itismuchharder,1,tounderstandtheirnegativeconsequences.Mostwork-relatedbehaviorshavemultiplecomponents.2on...

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2021年考研英语二真题及参考答案

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