美语语音训练.AAT_Tutorial_UnEncrypted

A guide to speaking and pronouncing colloquial

American English

Second Edition Ann Cook

Illustrated by Holly Forsyth Audio by Busy Signal Studios

BARRON'S

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This book is dedicated to Nate Cook.

A

lso, my special thanks for their extensive contributions to my editor, Dimitry

P

opow, Carolyn Jaeckin, Dr. Maria Bruno, Karina Lombard, Dr. Hyou

k

-Keun

K

im, Ph.D., Karl Althaus, Adrian Wong, Sergey Korshunov, and Jerry Danielson

at Busy Signal Studios.

Portions of this book were previously published by Matrix Press.

N

o part of this book may be reproduced in any form by photostat, microfilm, xerography, or any other means, o

r

incorporated into any information retrieval system, electronic or mechanical, without the written permission of the

p

ublisher.

All inquiries should be addressed to: Barron's Educational Series, Inc. 250 Wireless Boulevard

Hauppauge,NY11788 http://www. barronseduc. com

International Standard Book No. 0-7641-1429-8 Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 99-75495

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 987654321

Желательно иметь шрифт WP Phonetic

Table of Contents

Read This First CD 1 Track 1

What Is Accent?

Can I Learn a New Accent?

Accent versus Pronunciation

"Which Accent Is Correct?"

"Why Is My Accent So Bad?"

Less Than It Appears ... More Than It Appears

Language Is Fluent and Fluid

A Few Words On Pronunciation CD 1 Track 2

Tense Vowels? Lax Vowels?

Voiced Consonants? Unvoiced Consonants?

Pronunciation Points

Telephone Tutoring

Preliminary Diagnostic Analysis CD 1 Track 3

Chapter 1 American Intonation

The American Speech Music CD 1 Track 4

What to Do with Your Mouth to Sound American

American Intonation Do's and Don'ts

What Exactly Is Staircase Intonation?

Three Ways to Make Intonation

Exercise 1-1: Rubber Band Practice with Nonsense Syllables CD 1 Track 5

Staircase Intonation CD 1 Track 6

Statement Intonation with Nouns

Statement Intonation with Pronouns CD 1 Track 8

Exercise 1-3; Noun and Pronoun Intonation CD 1 Track 9

Statement Versus Question Intonation CD 1 Track 10

Emotional or Rhetorical Question Intonation

Exercise 1-4: Sentence Intonation Test CD 1 Track 11

Exercise 1-5: Four Main Reasons for Intonation CD 1 Track 12

1. New Information

2. Opinion

3. Contrast

4. Can't

Exercise 1-6: Pitch and Meaning Change CD 1 Track 13

Exercise 1-7: Individual Practice CD 1 Track 14

Exercise 1-8: Meaning of "Pretty" CD 1 Track 15

Exercise 1-9: Inflection CD 1 Track 16

Exercise 1-10; Individual Practice CD 1 Track 17

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Overdo It

We All Do It

Exercise 1-11: Translation CD 1 Track 18

Intonation Contrast

Exercise 1-12: Create Your Own Intonation Contrast CD 1 Track 19

Exercise 1-13: Variable Stress CD 1 Track 20

Exercise 1 -14: Make a Variable Stress Sentence CD 1 Track 21

Application of Intonation CD 1 Track 22

Exercise 1 -15: Application of Stress CD 1 Track 23

How You Talk Indicates to People How You Are CD 1 Track 24

Exercise 1-16: Paragraph Intonation Practice CD 1 Track 25

Exercise 1-17: Staircase Intonation Practice CD 1 Track 26

Exercise 1-18: Reading with Staircase Intonation CD 1 Track 27

Exercise 1-19: Spelling and Numbers CD 1 Track 28

Exercise 1-20; Sound/Meaning Shifts CD 1 Track 29

Exercise 1-21: Squeezed-Out Syllables CD 1 Track 30

Syllable Stress CD 1 Track 31

Syllable Count Intonation Patterns

Exercise 1-22: Syllable Patterns CD 1 Track 32

1 Syllable

2 Syllables

Exercise 1-22: Syllable Patterns continued CD 1 Track 32

3 Syllables

Exercise 1-22; Syllable Patterns continued CD 1 Track 32

4 Syllables

Exercise 1-23; Syllable Count Test CD 1 Track 33

Complex Intonation

Word Count Intonation Patterns CD 1 Track 34

Exercise 1-24: Single-Word Phrases CD 1 Track 35

Two-Word Phrases

Descriptive Phrases CD Track 36

Exercise 1-25: Sentence Stress with Descriptive Phrases CD 1 Track 37

Exercise 1 -26: Two Types of Descriptive Phrases CD 1 Track 38

Exercise 1 -26: Two Types of Descriptive Phrases continued CD1 Track 38

Exercise 1-27: Descriptive Phrase Story—The Ugly Duckling CD1 Track 39

Set Phrases CD 1 Track 40

A Cultural Indoctrination to American Norms

Exercise 1-28: Sentence Stress with Set Phrases CD 1 Track 41

Exercise 1-29: Making Set Phrases CD 1 Track 42

Exercise 1-30: Set Phrase Story—The Little Match Girl CD 1 Track 43

Contrasting a Description and a Set Phrase

Exercise 1-31: Contrasting Descriptive and Set Phrases CD 1 Track 44

Exercise 1-32: Two-Word Stress CD 1 Track 45

Descriptive Phrase Set Phrase

Summary of Stress in Two-Word Phrases

First Word

Second Word

Nationalities

Exercise 1-33; Nationality Intonation Quiz CD 2 Track 1

1. an Américan guy

2. an American restaurant

3. Américan food

4. an American teacher

5. an Énglish teacher

Exercise 1-34: Contrasting Descriptive and Set Phrases CD 2 Track 2

Exercise 1-35: Contrast of Compound Nouns CD 2 Track 3

Exercise 1-36: Description and Set Phrase Test CD 2 Track 4

Exercise 1-37: Descriptions and Set Phrases—Goldilocks CD 2 Track 5

Grammar in a Nutshell CD 2 Track 6

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Grammar... But Were Afraid to Use

Exercise 1-38; Consistent Noun Stress in Changing Verb Tenses CD 2 Track 7

Exercise 1-39: Consistent Pronoun Stress In Changing Verb Tenses CD 2 Track 8

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Exercise 1-40: Intonation in Your Own Sentence CD 2 Track 9

Exercise 1 -40: Intonation in Hour Own Sentence continued CD 2 Track 9

1-40: Intonation in Your Own Sentence continued CD 2 Track 9

Exercise 1-41: Supporting Words CD 2 Track 10

Exercise 1 -42: Contrast Practice CD 2 Track 11

Exercise 1 -43; Yes, You Can or No, You Can't? CD 2 Track 12

Exercise 1 -44: Building an Intonation Sentence CD 2 Track 13

Exercise 1 -46: Regular Transitions of Nouns and Verbs CD 2 Track 15

Exercise 1-47: Regular Transitions of Adjectives and Verbs CD 2 Track n

Exercise 1-48; Regular Transitions of Adjectives and Verbs CD 2 Track 17

The Miracle Technique CD 2 Track 18

A Child Can Learn Any Language

Exercise 1 -49: Tell Me Wədai Say! CD 2 Track 19

Exercise 1-50: Listening for Pure Sounds CD 2 Track 21

Exercise 1-51 : Extended Listening Practice CD 2 Track 22

Reduced Sounds CD 2 Track 24

Reduced Sounds Are "Valleys"

Exercise 1-52; Reducing Articles CD 2 Track 25

Exercise 1-53: Reduced Sounds CD 2 Track 26

Exercise 1-53: Reduced Sounds continued CD 2 Track 26

Exercise 1-53; Reduced Sounds continued CD 2 Track 26

Exercise 1-53: Reduced Sounds continued CD 2 Track 26

Exercise 1 -53: Reduced Sounds continued CD 2 Track 26

Exercise 1-54: Intonation and Pronunciation of "That" CD 2 Track 27

Exercise 1-55: Crossing Out Reduced Sounds CD 2 Track 28

Exercise 1-56; Reading Reduced Sounds CD 2 Track 29

Word Groups and Phrasing CD 2 Track 30

Pauses for Related Thoughts, Ideas, or for Breathing

Exercise 1-57: Phrasing CD Track 31

Exercise 1-58: Creating Word Groups CD 2 Track 32

Exercise 1-59: Practicing Word Groups CD 2 Track 33

Exercise 1-60: Tag Endings CD 2 Track 34

Intonation

Pronunciation

Chapter 2. Word Connections CD 2 Track 35

Exercise 2-1 : Spelling and Pronunciation CD 2 Track 36

Liaison Rule 1 : Consonant / Vowel

Exercise 2-2: Word Connections CD 2 Track 37

Exercise 2-3: Spelling and Number Connections CD 2 Track 38

What's the Difference Between a Vowel and a Consonant?

Exercise 2-4: Consonant / Vowel Liaison Practice CD 2 Track 39

Exercise 2-4: Consonant / Vowel Liaison Practice continued CD 2 Track 39

Liaison Rule 2: Consonant / Consonant

Exercise 2-5: Consonant /Consonant Liaisons CD 2 Track 40

Exercise 2-6: Consonant / Consonant Liaisons CD 2 Track 41

Consonants

Exercise 2-7: Liaisons with TH Combination CD 2 Track 42

Exercise 2-8: Consonant / Consonant Liaison Practice CD 2 Track 43

Liaison Rule 3: Vowel / Vowel

Exercise 2-9: Vowel / Vowel Liaison Practice CD 2 Track 44

Liaison Rule 4: T, D, S, or Z + Y

Exercise 2-10; T, D, S, or Z + Y Liaisons CD 2 Track 45

T + Y = CH

Exercise 2-10: T, D, S, or Z + Y Liaisons continued CD 2 Track 45

D + Y = J

S + Y = SH

Z + Y = ZH

Exercise 2-10: T, D, S, or Z + Y Liaisons continued CD 2 Track 45

Exercise 2-11:T, D, S, or Z + Y Liaison Practice CD 2 Track 46

Exercise 2-12; Finding Liaisons and Glides CD 2 Track 47

Exercise 2-13: Practicing Liaisons CD 3 Track 1

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Exercise 2-14: Additional Liaison Practice CD 3 Track 2

Exercise 2-15: Colloquial Reductions and Liaisons CD 3 Track 3

Exercise 2-15: Colloquial Reductions and Liaisons continued CD 3 Track 3

Spoon or Sboon?

Exercise 2-16: Liaison Staircases CD 3 Track 4

Chapter 3. Cat? Caught? Cut? CD 3 Track 5

The [æ] Sound

The [ä] Sound

The Schwa [ə] Sound

Silent or Neutral?

Vowel Chart

Exercise 3-1 : Word-by-Word and in a Sentence CD 3 Track 6

Exercise 3-2: Finding [æ], [ä], and [ə] Sounds CD 3 Track 7

Exercise 3-3: Vowel-Sound Differentiation CD 3 Track 8

Exercise 3-4: Reading the [æ] Sound CD 3 Track 9

The Tæn Mæn

Exercise 3-5: Reading the [ä] Sound CD strack 10

A Lät of Läng, Hät Walks in the Garden

Exercise 3-6: Reading the [ə] Sound CD 3 Track 11

What Must the Sun Above Wonder About?

Chapter 4. The American T CD 3 Track 12

Exercise 4-1 ; Stressed and Unstressed T CD 3 Thick 13

Exercise 4-2: Betty Bought a Bit of Better Butter CD 3 Track 14

Betty Bought a Bit of Better Butter

Exercise 4-3: Rute 1—Top of the Staircase CD 3 Track 15

Exercise 4-3; Rule 1—Top of the Staircase continued CD 3Track 15

Exercise 4-4: Rule 2—Middle of the Staircase CD 3 Track 16

Exercise 4-5: Rule 3—Bottom of the Staircase CD3 Track 17

Exercise 4-5: Rule 3—Bottom of the Staircase continued CD 3 Track 17

Exercise 4-6: Rule 4—"Held T" Before N CD 3 Track 18

Exercise 4-7: Rule 5—The Silent T CD 3 Track 19

Exercise 4-9: Karina's T Connections CD 3 Track 21

Exercise 4-10: Combinations in Context CD 3 Track 2:

Exercise 4-11 : Voiced and Unvoiced Sounds with T

Exercise 4-12: Finding American T Sounds CD 3 Track 24

Voiced Consonants and Reduced Vowels

1. Reduced vowels

2. Voiced consonants

3. Like sound with like sound

4. R'lææææææææææx

Chapter 5. The El CD 3 Track 25

L and Foreign Speakers of English

Location of Language in the Mouth

The Compound Sound of L

L Compared with T, D, and N

T and D

N

Exercise 5-1 : Sounds Comparing L with T, D, and N CD 3 Track 26

T/D Plosive

Exercise 5-1 ; Sounds Comparing L with T, D and N continued CD 3 Track 26

Exercise 5-2; Sounds Comparing L with T, D, and N CD 3 Track 27

What Are All Those Extra Sounds I'm Hearing?

Exercise 5-3: Final El with Schwa CD 3 Track 28

Exercise 5-4: Many Final Els CD 3 Track 29

Exercise 5-5: Liaise the Ls CD 3 Track 30

Exercise 5-6: Finding L Sounds CD 3 Track 31

Exercise 5-7: Silent Ls CD3Track32

Exercise 5-8: Hold Your Tongue! CD 3 Track 33

Exercise 5-9: Little Lola CD 3 Track 34

Exercise 5-11 : Final L Practice CD 3 Track 36

Exercise 5-12: Thirty Little Turtles In a Bottle of Bottled Water CD 3 Track 37

Exercise 5-13: Speed-reading CD 3 Track »

Exercise 5-14: Tandem Reading CD 3 Track 39

Voice Quality CD 3 Track 40

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Exercise 5-15: Shifting Your Voice Position CD 3 Track 41

Chapter 6. The American R CD 3 Track 42

The Invisible R

Exercise 6-1: R Location Practice CD 3 Track 43

Exercise 6-2 : Double Vowel with R CD 3 Track 44

Exercise 6-3: How to Pronounce Troublesome Rs CD 3 Track 45

Exercise 6-4: Zbigniew's Epsilon List CD 3 Track 46

Exercise 6-5: R Combinations CD 3 Track 47

Exercise 6-6; The Mirror Store CD 3 Track 48

Exercise 6-7: Finding the R Sound CD 3 Track 49

Telephone Tutoring

Follow-up Diagnostic Analysis CD 3 Track 50

Chapters 1-6 Review and Expansion

Intonation

Miscellaneous Reminders of Intonation

Liaisons and Glides

Cat? Caught? Cut?

The American T

The El

The American R

Application Exercises

Review Exercise 1 : To have a friend, be a friend. CD 3 Track 51

Review Exercise 2: To have a friend, be a friend. CD 3 Track 52

1. Intonation

2. Word groups

3. Liaisons

4. æ, ä, ə

5. The American T

6. The American R

7. Combination of concepts 1-6

Review Exercise 3: Get a Better Water Heater! CD 3 Track 53

Review Exercise 4: Your Own Sentence CD 3 Track 54

Review Exercise 5: Varying Emotions CD 3 Track 55

Review Exercise 5: Varying Emotions continued CD 3 Track 55

Review Exercise 6: Realty? Maybe! CD 3 Track 56

Review Exercise 7: Who Did It? I Don't Know! CD 3 Track 57

Review Exercise 7: Who Did It? I Don't Know! continued CD 3 Track 57

Review Exercise 8: Russian Rebellion CD 3 Track 58

Two-Word Phrases

Review Exercise A: Contrasting Descriptive and Set Phrases CD 3 Track 59

Review Exercise B: Intonation Review Test CD 3 Track 60

Three-Word Phrases

Review Exercise C: Modifying Descriptive Phrases CD 3 Track 61

Review Exercise D; Modifying Set Phrases CD 3 Track 62

Review Exercise E: Two- and Three-Word Set Phrases CD 3 Track 63

Review Exercise F: Three-Word Phrase Summary CD 3 Track 64

Review Exercise G: Three-Word Phrase Story—Three Little Pigs CD 4 Track 1

Review Exercise H: Sentence Balance—Goldilocks CD 4 Track 2

Four-Word Phrases

Review Exercise I: Multiple Modifiers with Set Phrases CD 4 Track 3

Review Exercise J: Compound intonation of Numbers CD 4 Track 4

Review Exercise K: Modify ing Three-Word Set Phrases CD 4 Track 5

Review Exercise L: Four-Word Phrase Story—Little Red Riding Hood CD 4 Treck 6

Review Exercise M: Building Up to Five-Word Phrases CD 4 Track 7

Review Exercise 9: Ignorance on Parade CD 4 track 8

Review Exercise 10: Ignorance on Parade Explanations. CD 4 Track 9

Review Exercise 10: Ignorance on Parade Explanations continued CD 4 Track 9

Chapter 7. Tee Aitch CD 4 Track 10

Exercise 7-1 : The Throng of Thermometers CD 4 Track 11

Run Them All Together [runnemälld'gether]

Anticipating the Next Word

Exercise 7-2: Targeting The TH Sound CD 4 Track 12

Exercise 7-3: Tongue Twisters CD 4 Track 13

Cha

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Exercise 8-1 : Comparing [u] and [ü] CD 4 Track 15

Exercise 8-2: Lax Vowels CD 4 Track 16

Exercise 8-3; Bit or Beat? CD 4 Track 17

Exercise 8-4: Bit or Beat? Bid or Bead? CD 4 Track 18

Exercise 8-5: Tense and Lax Vowel Exercise CD 4Track 19

Exercise 8-6: The Middle "I" List CD 4 Track 20

Exercise 8-7: Reduction Options CD 4 Track 21

Exercise 8-8: Finding Reduced Sounds CD 4 Track 22

Exercise 8-9: How Much Wood Would a Woodchuck Chuck? CD 4 Track 23

Exercise 8-10; Büker Wülsey's Cükbük CD 4 Track 24

Exercise 8-11: A True Fool CD 4 Track 25

Intonation and Attitude

Exercise 8-12: Nonverbal Intonation CD 4 Track 26

Chapter 9. "V" as in Victory CD 4 Track 27

Exercise 9-1 : Mind Your Vees CD 4 Track 28

Exercise 9-2: The Vile VIP CD 4 Track 29

Exercise 9-3: Finding V Sounds CD 4 Track 30

Chapter 10. S or Z?

Exercise 10-1 : When S Becomes Z CD 4 Track 31

Exercise 10-2: A Surly Sergeant Socked an Insolent Sailor CD 4 Track 32

Exercise 10-3: Allz Well That Endz Well CD 4 Track 33

Exercise 10-4: Voiced and Unvoiced Endings in the Past Tense CD 4 Track 34

Exercise 10-5: Finding S and Z Sounds CD 4 Track 35

Exercise 10-4; Application Steps with S and Z CD 4 Track 36

Exercise 10-7: Your Own Application Steps with S and Z CD 4 Track 37

Chapter 11. Tense and Lax Vowels

Exercise 11-1; Tense Vowels CD 4 Track 38

Exercise 11 -2: Tense Vowels Practice Paragraph CD 4 Track 39

Exercise 11-3: Lax Vowels CD 4 Track 40

Exercise 11-4: Lax Vowels Practice Paragraph CD 4 Track 41

Exercise 11-5: Take a High-Tech Tack CD 4 Track 42

Exercise 11 -6: Pick a Peak CD 4 Track 43

Grammar in a Bigger Nutshell

Exercise 11-7: Compound Nouns and Complex Verbs CD 4 Track 44

Exercise 11-7: Compound Nouns and Complex Verbs continued CD 4 Track 44

Exercise 11-7; Compound Nouns and Complex Verbs continued CD 4Track 44

Exercise 11-8: Your Own Compound Nouns CD 4 Track 45

Exercise 11-9: Your Compound Nouns and Complex Verbs CD 4 Track 46

Exercise 11-10: Practical Application—U.S./Japan Trade Friction CD 4 Track 47

The Letter A

Exercise 11-11: Presidential Candidates' Debate CD 4 Track 48

Chapter 12. Nasal Consonants CD 4 Track 49

Exercise 12-1: Nasal Consonants CD 4 Track 50

Exercise 12-2: Ending Nasal Consonants CD 4 Track 51

Exercise 12-3: Reading Nasal Consonant Sounds CD 4 Track 52

Exercise 12-4: Finding [n] and [ng] Sounds CD 4 Track 53

Chapter 13. Throaty Consonants

Exercise 13-1: Throaty Consonants CD 4 Track 54

Exercise 13-2: The Letter X CD 4 Track 55

Exercise 13-3: Reading the H, K, G, NG, and R sounds CD 4 Track 56

H

K

G

NG

R

Exercise 13-4: Glottal Consonant Practice Paragraph CD 4 Track 57

Telephone Tutoring

Final Diagnostic Analysis CD 4 Track 58

Chapters 1-13. Review and Expansion

Review Exercise 1-1: Rubber Band Practice with Nonsense Syllables

Review Exercise 1-2; Noun Intonation

Review Exercise 1-3: Noun and Pronoun Intonation

Review Exercise 1-4: Sentence Intonation Test

Review Exercise 1-6: Pitch and Meaning Change

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Review Exercise 1-7: Individual Practice

Review Exercise 1-8: Meaning of "Pretty," "Sort of," "Kind of," and "Little"

Review Exercise 1-9: Inflection

Review Exercise 1-10: Individual Practice

Review Exercise 1-11: Translation

Review Exercise 1-12: Create Your Own Intonation Contrast

Review Exercise 1-13: Variable Stress

Review Exercise 1-14: Make a Variable Stress Sentence

Review Exercise 1-15: Application of Stress

Review Exercise 1-17: Staircase Intonation Practice

Review Exercise 1-18: Reading with Staircase Intonation

Review Exercise 1-19: Spelling and Numbers

Review Exercise 1-20: Sound/Meaning Shifts

Review Exercise 1-21: Squeezed-Out Syllables

Review Exercise 1-22: Syllable Patterns

Review Exercise 1-25: Sentence Stress with Descriptive Phrases

Review Exercise 1-23: Syllable Count Test

Review Exercise 1-24: Single-Word Phrases

Review Exercise 1-26: Two Types of Descriptive Phrases

Review Exercise 1-27: Descriptive Phrase Story—Snow White and The Seven Dwarves

Review Exercise 1-28: Sentence Stress with Set Phrases

Review Exercise 1-29: Making Set Phrases

Review Exercise 1-30: Set Phrase Story—Our Mailman

Review Exercise 1-31: Contrasting Descriptive and Set Phrases

Review Exercise 1-32: Two-Word Stress

Review Exercise 1-34: Contrasting Descriptive and Set Phrases

Review Exercise 1-35: Contrast of Compound Nouns

Review Exercise 1-36: Description and Set Phrase Test

Review Exercise 1-38: Consistent Noun Stress in Changing Verb Tenses (5 disk)

Review Exercise 1-39: Consistent Pronoun Stress in Changing Verb Tenses

Review Execise 1-40: Intonation in Your Own Sentence

Review Exercise 1-41: Supporting Words

Review Exercise 1-42: Contrast Practice

Review Exercise 1-43: Yes, You Can or No, You Can't?

Review Exercise 1-44: Building an Intonation Sentence

Review Exercise 1-45: Building Your Own intonation Sentences

Review Exercise 1-46: Regular Transitions of Nouns and Verbs

Review Exercise 1-47: Regular Transitions of Adjectives and Verbs

Review Exercise 1-48; Regular Transitions of Adjectives and Verbs

Review Exercise 1-51; Extended Listening Practice

Review Exercise 1-53: Reduced Sounds

Review Exercise 1-55: Crossing Out Reduced Sounds

Review Exercise 1-56: Reading Reduced Sounds

Review Exercise 1-57: Phrasing

Review Exercise 1-60: Tag Endings

Review Exercise 2-1: Spelling and Pronunciation

Review Exercise 2-4: Consonant / Vowel Liaison Practice

Review Exercise 2-8: Consonant/Consonant Liaison Practice

Review Exercise 2-9: Vowel / Vowel Liaison Practice

Review Exercise 2-11: T, D, S, or Z + Y Liaison Practice

Review Exercise 2-12: Finding Liaisons and Glides

Review Exercise 2-13: Practicing Liaisons

Review Exercise 3-1: Word-by-Word and in a Sentence

Review Exercise 3-3: Vowel-Sound Differentiation

Review Exercise 3-4: Finding the æ, ä, ə Sounds

Review Exercise 3-5: Reading the [æ] Sound

Review Exercise 3-6: Reading the [ä] Sound

Review Exercise 3-7: Reading the [ə] Sound

Review Exercise 4-1 : Stressed and Unstressed T

Review Exercise 4-3: Rule 1—Top of the Staircase

Review Exercise 4-4: Rule 2—Middle of the Staircase

Review Exercise 4-5: Rule 3—Bottom of the Staircase

Review Exercise 4-6: Rule 4—"Held T" Before N

Review Exercise 4-7: Rule 5—The Silent T

Review Exercise 4-10: T Combinations in Context

Review Exercise 4-11: Voiced and Unvoiced Sounds with T

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Review Exercise 5-2: Sounds Comparing L with T, D, and N

Review Exercise 5-3: Final El with Schwa

Review Exercise 5-4: Many Final Els

Review Exercise 5-5: Liaise the Ls

Review Exercise 5-7: Silent Ls

Review Exercise 5-8: Hold Your Tongue!

Review Exercise 5-9: Bill and Ellie

Review Exercise 5-11 : Final L Practice

Review Exercise 5-12: A Frontal Lobotomy?

Review Exercise 5-13: Speed-reading

Review Exercise 5-14: Tandem Reading

Review Exercise 6-1 : R Location Practice

Review Exercise 6-2: Double Vowel Sounds with R

Review Exercise 6-3: How to Pronounce Troublesome Rs

Review Exercise 6-4: Zbignlew's Epsilon List

Review Exercise 6-5: R Combinations

Review Exercise 6-6: Roy the Rancher

Review Exercise C: Modifying Descriptive Phrases

Review Exercise D: Modifying Set Phrases

Review Exercise E:Two- and Three-Word Set Phrases

Review Exercise F: Three-Word Phrase Summary

Review Exercise I: Multiple Modifiers with Set Phrases

Review Exercise J: Compound Intonation of Numbers

Review Exercise K: Modifying Three-Word Set Phrases

Review Exercise L: Three Word Phrase Story—The Amazing Rock Soup

Review Exercise M: Building Up to Five-Word Phrases

Review Exercise 7-1: The Thing

Noun Intonation Summary

Rule 1: New Information

Rule 2: Old Information

Rule 3: Contrast

Rule 4: Opinion

Rule 5: Negation (Can't)

Review Exercise 8-1 : Comparing [u] and [ü]

Review Exercise 8-2: Lax Vowels

Review Exercise 8-4: Bit or Beat? Bid or Bead?

Review Exercise 8-5: Tense and Lax Vowel Review Exercise

Review Exercise 8-6: Middle "I" List

Review Exercise 8-10: [ü] Paragraph

Review Exercise 8-11: [u] Paragraph

Review Exercise 9-1: Mind Your Vees

Review Exercise 10-1: S or Z?

Review Exercise 10-2: Sally at the Seashore

Review Exercise 10-3: Fuzzy Wuzzy

Review Exercise 11-1: Tense Vowels

Review Exercise 11-3: Lax Vowels

Review Exercise 11-7: Compound Nouns and Complex Verbs

Review Exercise 12-1: Nasal Consonants

Review Exercise 12-2: Ending Nasal Consonants

Review Exercise 12-3: Reading Nasal Consonant Sounds

Review Exercise 13-1: Throaty Consonants

Review Exercise 13-2: The Letter X

Review Exercise 13-3: Reading the H, K, G, NG, and R sounds

Nationality Guides

Important Point

Chinese Intonation Summary

Chinese

Intonation

Location of the Language

Japanese

Intonation

Liaisons

Pronunciation

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The Japanese R = The American T

Location of the Language

Spanish

Intonation

Liaisons

Word Endings

Pronunciation

The Spanish S = The American S, But...

The Spanish R = The American T

The -ed Ending

The Final T

The Spanish D = The American Th (voiced)

The Spanish of Spain Z or C = The American Th (unvoiced)

The Spanish I = The American Y (not j)

The Doubled Spanish A Sound = The American O, All or AW Spelling

The Spanish O = The American OU

Location of the Language

Indian

Intonation

Liaisons

Pronunciation

Location of the Language

Russian

Intonation

Liaisons

Pronunciation

The Russian R = The American Т

French

Intonation

Liaisons

Pronunciation

Location in the Mouth

German

Intonation

Liaisons

Pronunciation

Korean

Intonation

Word Connections

Pronunciation

The Korean R = The American T

Answer Key

Exercise 1-4: Sentence Intonation Test

Exercise 1-15: Application of Stress

Exercise 1-17: Staircase Intonation Practice

Exercise 1-29: Making Set Phrases

Exercise 1-35: Contrast of Compound Nouns

Exercise 1-36: Description and Set Phrase Test

Exercise 1-48: Regular Transitions of Adj. and Verbs

Exercise 1-23: Syllable Count Test

Exercise 1-51: Extended Listening Practice

Exercise 1-60: Tag Endings

Exercise 2-4: Consonant / Vowel Liaisons

Exercise 2-8: Consonant / Consonant Liaisons

Exercise 2-9: Vowel / Vowel Liaisons

Exercise 2-11 : T, D, S, or Z Liaisons

Exercise 2-12: Finding Liaisons and Glides

Exercise 2-16: Liaison Staircases

Exercise 3-2: Finding [æ], [ä] and [ə] Sounds

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