hell(炼狱)

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HELL

TRANSLATED BY THE REV. H. F. CARY, A.M.

HELL

CANTO I

IN the midway of this our mortal life, I found me in a gloomy wood,

astray Gone from the path direct: and e'en to tell It were no easy task, how

savage wild That forest, how robust and rough its growth, Which to

remember only, my dismay Renews, in bitterness not far from death. Yet

to discourse of what there good befell, All else will I relate discover'd

there. How first I enter'd it I scarce can say, Such sleepy dullness in that

instant weigh'd My senses down, when the true path I left, But when a

mountain's foot I reach'd, where clos'd The valley, that had pierc'd my

heart with dread, I look'd aloft, and saw his shoulders broad Already

vested with that planet's beam, Who leads all wanderers safe through

every way. Then was a little respite to the fear, That in my heart's recesses

deep had lain, All of that night, so pitifully pass'd: And as a man, with

difficult short breath, Forespent with toiling, 'scap'd from sea to shore,

Turns to the perilous wide waste, and stands At gaze; e'en so my spirit,

that yet fail'd Struggling with terror, turn'd to view the straits, That none

hath pass'd and liv'd. My weary frame After short pause recomforted,

again I journey'd on over that lonely steep, The hinder foot still firmer.

Scarce the ascent Began, when, lo! a panther, nimble, light, And cover'd

with a speckled skin, appear'd, Nor, when it saw me, vanish'd, rather

strove To check my onward going; that ofttimes With purpose to retrace

my steps I turn'd. The hour was morning's prime, and on his way Aloft the

sun ascended with those stars, That with him rose, when Love divine first

mov'd Those its fair works: so that with joyous hope All things conspir'd

to fill me, the gay skin Of that swift animal, the matin dawn And the sweet

season. Soon that joy was chas'd, And by new dread succeeded, when in

view A lion came, 'gainst me, as it appear'd, With his head held aloft and

hunger-mad, That e'en the air was fear-struck. A she-wolf Was at his heels,

who in her leanness seem'd Full of all wants, and many a land hath made

Disconsolate ere now. She with such fear O'erwhelmed me, at the sight of

her appall'd, That of the height all hope I lost. As one, Who with his gain

elated, sees the time When all unwares is gone, he inwardly Mourns with

heart-griping anguish; such was I, Haunted by that fell beast, never at

HELL

peace, Who coming o'er against me, by degrees Impell'd me where the sun

in silence rests. While to the lower space with backward step I fell, my ken

discern'd the form one of one, Whose voice seem'd faint through long

disuse of speech. When him in that great desert I espied, "Have mercy on

me!" cried I out aloud, "Spirit! or living man! what e'er thou be!" He

answer'd: "Now not man, man once I was, And born of Lombard parents,

Mantuana both By country, when the power of Julius yet Was scarcely

firm. At Rome my life was past Beneath the mild Augustus, in the time Of

fabled deities and false. A bard Was I, and made Anchises' upright son The

subject of my song, who came from Troy, When the flames prey'd on

Ilium's haughty towers. But thou, say wherefore to such perils past

Return'st thou? wherefore not this pleasant mount Ascendest, cause and

source of all delight?" "And art thou then that Virgil, that well-spring,

From which such copious floods of eloquence Have issued?" I with front

abash'd replied. "Glory and light of all the tuneful train! May it avail me

that I long with zeal Have sought thy volume, and with love immense

Have conn'd it o'er. My master thou and guide! Thou he from whom alone

I have deriv'd That style, which for its beauty into fame Exalts me. See the

beast, from whom I fled. O save me from her, thou illustrious sage! For

every vein and pulse throughout my frame She hath made tremble." He,

soon as he saw That I was weeping, answer'd, "Thou must needs Another

way pursue, if thou wouldst 'scape From out that savage wilderness. This

beast, At whom thou criest, her way will suffer none To pass, and no less

hindrance makes than death: So bad and so accursed in her kind, That

never sated is her ravenous will, Still after food more craving than before.

To many an animal in wedlock vile She fastens, and shall yet to many

more, Until that greyhound come, who shall destroy Her with sharp pain.

He will not life support By earth nor its base metals, but by love, Wisdom,

and virtue, and his land shall be The land 'twixt either Feltro. In his might

Shall safety to Italia's plains arise, For whose fair realm, Camilla, virgin

pure, Nisus, Euryalus, and Turnus fell. He with incessant chase through

every town Shall worry, until he to hell at length Restore her, thence by

envy first let loose. I for thy profit pond'ring now devise, That thou mayst

follow me, and I thy guide Will lead thee hence through an eternal space,

HELL

Where thou shalt hear despairing shrieks, and see Spirits of old tormented,

who invoke A second death; and those next view, who dwell Content in

fire, for that they hope to come, Whene'er the time may be, among the

blest, Into whose regions if thou then desire T' ascend, a spirit worthier

then I Must lead thee, in whose charge, when I depart, Thou shalt be left:

for that Almighty King, Who reigns above, a rebel to his law, Adjudges me,

and therefore hath decreed, That to his city none through me should come.

He in all parts hath sway; there rules, there holds His citadel and throne. O

happy those, Whom there he chooses!" I to him in few: "Bard! by that God,

whom thou didst not adore, I do beseech thee (that this ill and worse I may

escape) to lead me, where thou saidst, That I Saint Peter's gate may view,

and those Who as thou tell'st, are in such dismal plight." Onward he mov'd,

I close his steps pursu'd.

HELL

CANTO II

NOW was the day departing, and the air, Imbrown'd with shadows,

from their toils releas'd All animals on earth; and I alone Prepar'd myself

the conflict to sustain, Both of sad pity, and that perilous road, Which my

unerring memory shall retrace. O Muses! O high genius! now vouchsafe

Your aid! O mind! that all I saw hast kept Safe in a written record, here thy

worth And eminent endowments come to proof. I thus began: "Bard! thou

who art my guide, Consider well, if virtue be in me Sufficient, ere to this

high enterprise Thou trust me. Thou hast told that Silvius' sire, Yet cloth'd

in corruptible flesh, among Th' immortal tribes had entrance, and was

there Sensible present. Yet if heaven's great Lord, Almighty foe to ill, such

favour shew'd, In contemplation of the high effect, Both what and who

from him should issue forth, It seems in reason's judgment well deserv'd:

Sith he of Rome, and of Rome's empire wide, In heaven's empyreal height

was chosen sire: Both which, if truth be spoken, were ordain'd And

'stablish'd for the holy place, where sits Who to great Peter's sacred chair

succeeds. He from this journey, in thy song renown'd, Learn'd things, that

to his victory gave rise And to the papal robe. In after-times The chosen

vessel also travel'd there, To bring us back assurance in that faith, Which is

the entrance to salvation's way. But I, why should I there presume? or who

Permits it? not, Aeneas I nor Paul. Myself I deem not worthy, and none

else Will deem me. I, if on this voyage then I venture, fear it will in folly

end. Thou, who art wise, better my meaning know'st, Than I can speak."

As one, who unresolves What he hath late resolv'd, and with new thoughts

Changes his purpose, from his first intent Remov'd; e'en such was I on that

dun coast, Wasting in thought my enterprise, at first So eagerly embrac'd.

"If right thy words I scan," replied that shade magnanimous, "Thy soul is

by vile fear assail'd, which oft So overcasts a man, that he recoils From

noblest resolution, like a beast At some false semblance in the twilight

gloom. That from this terror thou mayst free thyself, I will instruct thee

why I came, and what I heard in that same instant, when for thee Grief

touch'd me first. I was among the tribe, Who rest suspended, when a dame,

so blest And lovely, I besought her to command, Call'd me; her eyes were

HELL

brighter than the star Of day; and she with gentle voice and soft

Angelically tun'd her speech address'd: "O courteous shade of Mantua!

thou whose fame Yet lives, and shall live long as nature lasts! A friend, not

of my fortune but myself, On the wide desert in his road has met

Hindrance so great, that he through fear has turn'd. Now much I dread lest

he past help have stray'd, And I be ris'n too late for his relief, From what in

heaven of him I heard. Speed now, And by thy eloquent persuasive tongue,

And by all means for his deliverance meet, Assist him. So to me will

comfort spring. I who now bid thee on this errand forth Am Beatrice; from

a place I come

(Note: Beatrice. I use this word, as it is pronounced in the Italian, as

consisting of four syllables, of which the third is a long one.)

Revisited with joy. Love brought me thence, Who prompts my speech.

When in my Master's sight I stand, thy praise to him I oft will tell." She

then was silent, and I thus began: "O Lady! by whose influence alone,

Mankind excels whatever is contain'd Within that heaven which hath the

smallest orb, So thy command delights me, that to obey, If it were done

already, would seem late. No need hast thou farther to speak thy will; Yet

tell the reason, why thou art not loth To leave that ample space, where to

return Thou burnest, for this centre here beneath." She then: "Since thou

so deeply wouldst inquire, I will instruct thee briefly, why no dread

Hinders my entrance here. Those things alone Are to be fear'd, whence

evil may proceed, None else, for none are terrible beside. I am so fram'd

by God, thanks to his grace! That any suff'rance of your misery Touches

me not, nor flame of that fierce fire Assails me. In high heaven a blessed

dame Besides, who mourns with such effectual grief That hindrance,

which I send thee to remove, That God's stern judgment to her will

inclines. To Lucia calling, her she thus bespake: "Now doth thy faithful

servant need thy aid And I commend him to thee." At her word Sped Lucia,

of all cruelty the foe, And coming to the place, where I abode Seated with

Rachel, her of ancient days, She thus address'd me: "Thou true praise of

God! Beatrice! why is not thy succour lent To him, who so much lov'd

thee, as to leave For thy sake all the multitude admires? Dost thou not hear

how pitiful his wail, Nor mark the death, which in the torrent flood, Swoln

HELL

mightier than a sea, him struggling holds?" Ne'er among men did any with

such speed Haste to their profit, flee from their annoy, As when these

words were spoken, I came here, Down from my blessed seat, trusting the

force Of thy pure eloquence, which thee, and all Who well have mark'd it,

into honour brings." "When she had ended, her bright beaming eyes

Tearful she turn'd aside; whereat I felt Redoubled zeal to serve thee. As

she will'd, Thus am I come: I sav'd thee from the beast, Who thy near way

across the goodly mount Prevented. What is this comes o'er thee then?

Why, why dost thou hang back? why in thy breast Harbour vile fear? why

hast not courage there And noble daring? Since three maids so blest Thy

safety plan, e'en in the court of heaven; And so much certain good my

words forebode." As florets, by the frosty air of night Bent down and

clos'd, when day has blanch'd their leaves, Rise all unfolded on their spiry

stems; So was my fainting vigour new restor'd, And to my heart such

kindly courage ran, That I as one undaunted soon replied: "O full of pity

she, who undertook My succour! and thou kind who didst perform So

soon her true behest! With such desire Thou hast dispos'd me to renew my

voyage, That my first purpose fully is resum'd. Lead on: one only will is in

us both. Thou art my guide, my master thou, and lord." So spake I; and

when he had onward mov'd, I enter'd on the deep and woody way.

HELL

CANTO III

"THROUGH me you pass into the city of woe: Through me you pass

into eternal pain: Through me among the people lost for aye. Justice the

founder of my fabric mov'd: To rear me was the task of power divine,

Supremest wisdom, and primeval love. Before me things create were none,

save things Eternal, and eternal I endure. All hope abandon ye who enter

here." Such characters in colour dim I mark'd Over a portal's lofty arch

inscrib'd: Whereat I thus: "Master, these words import Hard meaning." He

as one prepar'd replied: "Here thou must all distrust behind thee leave;

Here be vile fear extinguish'd. We are come Where I have told thee we

shall see the souls To misery doom'd, who intellectual good Have lost."

And when his hand he had stretch'd forth To mine, with pleasant looks,

whence I was cheer'd, Into that secret place he led me on. Here sighs with

lamentations and loud moans Resounded through the air pierc'd by no star,

That e'en I wept at entering. Various tongues, Horrible languages, outcries

of woe, Accents of anger, voices deep and hoarse, With hands together

smote that swell'd the sounds, Made up a tumult, that for ever whirls

Round through that air with solid darkness stain'd, Like to the sand that in

the whirlwind flies. I then, with error yet encompass'd, cried: "O master!

What is this I hear? What race Are these, who seem so overcome with

woe?" He thus to me: "This miserable fate Suffer the wretched souls of

those, who liv'd Without or praise or blame, with that ill band Of angels

mix'd, who nor rebellious prov'd Nor yet were true to God, but for

themselves Were only. From his bounds Heaven drove them forth, Not to

impair his lustre, nor the depth Of Hell receives them, lest th' accursed

tribe Should glory thence with exultation vain." I then: "Master! what doth

aggrieve them thus, That they lament so loud?" He straight replied: "That

will I tell thee briefly. These of death No hope may entertain: and their

blind life So meanly passes, that all other lots They envy. Fame of them

the world hath none, Nor suffers; mercy and justice scorn them both.

Speak not of them, but look, and pass them by." And I, who straightway

look'd, beheld a flag, Which whirling ran around so rapidly, That it no

pause obtain'd: and following came Such a long train of spirits, I should

HELL

ne'er Have thought, that death so many had despoil'd. When some of these

I recogniz'd, I saw And knew the shade of him, who to base fear Yielding,

abjur'd his high estate. Forthwith I understood for certain this the tribe Of

those ill spirits both to God displeasing And to his foes. These wretches,

who ne'er lived, Went on in nakedness, and sorely stung By wasps and

hornets, which bedew'd their cheeks With blood, that mix'd with tears

dropp'd to their feet, And by disgustful worms was gather'd there. Then

looking farther onwards I beheld A throng upon the shore of a great stream:

Whereat I thus: "Sir! grant me now to know Whom here we view, and

whence impell'd they seem So eager to pass o'er, as I discern Through the

blear light?" He thus to me in few: "This shalt thou know, soon as our

steps arrive Beside the woeful tide of Acheron." Then with eyes downward

cast and fill'd with shame, Fearing my words offensive to his ear, Till we

had reach'd the river, I from speech Abstain'd. And lo! toward us in a bark

Comes on an old man hoary white with eld, Crying, "Woe to you wicked

spirits! hope not Ever to see the sky again. I come To take you to the other

shore across, Into eternal darkness, there to dwell In fierce heat and in ice.

And thou, who there Standest, live spirit! get thee hence, and leave These

who are dead." But soon as he beheld I left them not, "By other way," said

he, "By other haven shalt thou come to shore, Not by this passage; thee a

nimbler boat Must carry." Then to him thus spake my guide: "Charon!

thyself torment not: so 't is will'd, Where will and power are one: ask thou

no more." Straightway in silence fell the shaggy cheeks Of him the

boatman o'er the livid lake, Around whose eyes glar'd wheeling flames.

Meanwhile Those spirits, faint and naked, color chang'd, And gnash'd their

teeth, soon as the cruel words They heard. God and their parents they

blasphem'd, The human kind, the place, the time, and seed That did

engender them and give them birth. Then all together sorely wailing drew

To the curs'd strand, that every man must pass Who fears not God. Charon,

demoniac form, With eyes of burning coal, collects them all, Beck'ning,

and each, that lingers, with his oar Strikes. As fall off the light autumnal

leaves, One still another following, till the bough Strews all its honours on

the earth beneath; E'en in like manner Adam's evil brood Cast themselves

one by one down from the shore, Each at a beck, as falcon at his call. Thus

HELL

go they over through the umber'd wave, And ever they on the opposing

bank Be landed, on this side another throng Still gathers. "Son," thus spake

the courteous guide, "Those, who die subject to the wrath of God, All here

together come from every clime, And to o'erpass the river are not loth: For

so heaven's justice goads them on, that fear Is turn'd into desire. Hence

ne'er hath past Good spirit. If of thee Charon complain, Now mayst thou

know the import of his words." This said, the gloomy region trembling

shook So terribly, that yet with clammy dews Fear chills my brow. The sad

earth gave a blast, That, lightening, shot forth a vermilion flame, Which all

my senses conquer'd quite, and I Down dropp'd, as one with sudden

slumber seiz'd.

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HELL1HELLTRANSLATEDBYTHEREV.H.F.CARY,A.M.HELL2CANTOIINthemidwayofthisourmortallife,Ifoundmeinagloomywood,astrayGonefromthepathdirect:ande'entotellItwerenoeasytask,howsavagewildThatforest,howrobustandroughitsgrowth,Whichtorememberonly,mydismayRenews,inbitternessnotfarfromdeath.Yettodiscourseofwhatthe...

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