Longfellow’s Translation of Dante Inferno(朗费罗译但丁之《地狱》)

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THE DIVINE COMEDY OF DANTE ALIGHIERI

THE DIVINE COMEDY

OF DANTE ALIGHIERI

TRANSLATED BY HENRY WADSWORTH

LONGFELLOW (1807-1882)

THE DIVINE COMEDY OF DANTE ALIGHIERI

CONTENTS

Inferno

I. The Dark Forest. The Hill of Difficulty. The Panther, the Lion, and

the Wolf. Virgil. II. The Descent. Dante's Protest and Virgil's Appeal. The

Intercession of the Three Ladies Benedight. III. The Gate of Hell. The

Inefficient or Indifferent. Pope Celestine V. The Shores of Acheron.

Charon. The Earthquake and the Swoon. IV. The First Circle, Limbo:

Virtuous Pagans and the Unbaptized. The Four Poets, Homer, Horace,

Ovid, and Lucan. The Noble Castle of Philosophy. V. The Second Circle:

The Wanton. Minos. The Infernal Hurricane. Francesca da Rimini. VI. The

Third Circle: The Gluttonous. Cerberus. The Eternal Rain. Ciacco.

Florence. VII. The Fourth Circle: The Avaricious and the Prodigal. Plutus.

Fortune and her Wheel. The Fifth Circle: The Irascible and the Sullen.

Styx. VIII. Phlegyas. Philippo Argenti. The Gate of the City of Dis. IX.

The Furies and Medusa. The Angel. The City of Dis. The Sixth Circle:

Heresiarchs. X. Farinata and Cavalcante de' Cavalcanti. Discourse on the

Knowledge of the Damned. XI. The Broken Rocks. Pope Anastasius.

General Description of the Inferno and its Divisions. XII. The Minotaur.

The Seventh Circle: The Violent. The River Phlegethon. The Violent

against their Neighbours. The Centaurs. Tyrants. XIII. The Wood of

Thorns. The Harpies. The Violent against themselves. Suicides. Pier della

Vigna. Lano and Jacopo da Sant' Andrea. XIV. The Sand Waste and the

Rain of Fire. The Violent against God. Capaneus. The Statue of Time, and

the Four Infernal Rivers. XV. The Violent against Nature. Brunetto Latini.

XVI. Guidoguerra, Aldobrandi, and Rusticucci. Cataract of the River of

Blood. XVII. Geryon. The Violent against Art. Usurers. Descent into the

Abyss of Malebolge. XVIII. The Eighth Circle, Malebolge: The

Fraudulent and the Malicious. The First Bolgia: Seducers and Panders.

Venedico Caccianimico. Jason. The Second Bolgia: Flatterers. Allessio

Interminelli. Thais. XIX. The Third Bolgia: Simoniacs. Pope Nicholas III.

Dante's Reproof of corrupt Prelates. XX. The Fourth Bolgia: Soothsayers.

THE DIVINE COMEDY OF DANTE ALIGHIERI

Amphiaraus, Tiresias, Aruns, Manto, Eryphylus, Michael Scott, Guido

Bonatti, and Asdente. Virgil reproaches Dante's Pity. Mantua's Foundation.

XXI. The Fifth Bolgia: Peculators. The Elder of Santa Zita. Malacoda and

other Devils. XXII. Ciampolo, Friar Gomita, and Michael Zanche. The

Malabranche quarrel. XXIII. Escape from the Malabranche. The Sixth

Bolgia: Hypocrites. Catalano and Loderingo. Caiaphas. XXIV. The

Seventh Bolgia: Thieves. Vanni Fucci. Serpents. XXV. Vanni Fucci's

Punishment. Agnello Brunelleschi, Buoso degli Abati, Puccio Sciancato,

Cianfa de' Donati, and Guercio Cavalcanti. XXVI. The Eighth Bolgia:

Evil Counsellors. Ulysses and Diomed. Ulysses' Last Voyage. XXVII.

Guido da Montefeltro. His deception by Pope Boniface VIII. XXVIII. The

Ninth Bolgia: Schismatics. Mahomet and Ali. Pier da Medicina, Curio,

Mosca, and Bertrand de Born. XXIX. Geri del Bello. The Tenth Bolgia:

Alchemists. Griffolino d' Arezzo and Capocchino. XXX. Other Falsifiers

or Forgers. Gianni Schicchi, Myrrha, Adam of Brescia, Potiphar's Wife,

and Sinon of Troy. XXXI. The Giants, Nimrod, Ephialtes, and Antaeus.

Descent to Cocytus. XXXII. The Ninth Circle: Traitors. The Frozen Lake

of Cocytus. First Division, Caina: Traitors to their Kindred. Camicion de'

Pazzi. Second Division, Antenora: Traitors to their Country. Dante

questions Bocca degli Abati. Buoso da Duera. XXXIII. Count Ugolino and

the Archbishop Ruggieri. The Death of Count Ugolino's Sons. Third

Division of the Ninth Circle, Ptolomaea: Traitors to their Friends. Friar

Alberigo, Branco d' Oria. XXXIV. Fourth Division of the Ninth Circle, the

Judecca: Traitors to their Lords and Benefactors. Lucifer, Judas Iscariot,

Brutus, and Cassius. The Chasm of Lethe. The Ascent. Incipit Comoedia

Dantis Alagherii, Florentini natione, non moribus.

THE DIVINE COMEDY OF DANTE ALIGHIERI

Inferno: Canto I

Midway upon the journey of our life I found myself within a forest

dark, For the straightforward pathway had been lost.

Ah me! how hard a thing it is to say What was this forest savage,

rough, and stern, Which in the very thought renews the fear.

So bitter is it, death is little more; But of the good to treat, which there

I found, Speak will I of the other things I saw there.

I cannot well repeat how there I entered, So full was I of slumber at

the moment In which I had abandoned the true way.

But after I had reached a mountain's foot, At that point where the

valley terminated, Which had with consternation pierced my heart,

Upward I looked, and I beheld its shoulders, Vested already with that

planet's rays Which leadeth others right by every road.

Then was the fear a little quieted That in my heart's lake had endured

throughout The night, which I had passed so piteously.

And even as he, who, with distressful breath, Forth issued from the sea

upon the shore, Turns to the water perilous and gazes;

So did my soul, that still was fleeing onward, Turn itself back to re-

behold the pass Which never yet a living person left.

After my weary body I had rested, The way resumed I on the desert

slope, So that the firm foot ever was the lower.

And lo! almost where the ascent began, A panther light and swift

exceedingly, Which with a spotted skin was covered o'er!

And never moved she from before my face, Nay, rather did impede so

much my way, That many times I to return had turned.

The time was the beginning of the morning, And up the sun was

mounting with those stars That with him were, what time the Love Divine

At first in motion set those beauteous things; So were to me occasion

of good hope, The variegated skin of that wild beast,

The hour of time, and the delicious season; But not so much, that did

not give me fear A lion's aspect which appeared to me.

He seemed as if against me he were coming With head uplifted, and

with ravenous hunger, So that it seemed the air was afraid of him;

THE DIVINE COMEDY OF DANTE ALIGHIERI

And a she-wolf, that with all hungerings Seemed to be laden in her

meagreness, And many folk has caused to live forlorn!

She brought upon me so much heaviness, With the affright that from

her aspect came, That I the hope relinquished of the height.

And as he is who willingly acquires, And the time comes that causes

him to lose, Who weeps in all his thoughts and is despondent,

E'en such made me that beast withouten peace, Which, coming on

against me by degrees Thrust me back thither where the sun is silent.

While I was rushing downward to the lowland, Before mine eyes did

one present himself, Who seemed from long-continued silence hoarse.

When I beheld him in the desert vast, "Have pity on me," unto him I

cried, "Whiche'er thou art, or shade or real man!" He answered me: "Not

man; man once I was, And both my parents were of Lombardy, And

Mantuans by country both of them.

'Sub Julio' was I born, though it was late, And lived at Rome under the

good Augustus, During the time of false and lying gods.

A poet was I, and I sang that just Son of Anchises, who came forth

from Troy, After that Ilion the superb was burned.

But thou, why goest thou back to such annoyance? Why climb'st thou

not the Mount Delectable, Which is the source and cause of every joy?"

"Now, art thou that Virgilius and that fountain Which spreads abroad

so wide a river of speech?" I made response to him with bashful forehead.

"O, of the other poets honour and light, Avail me the long study and

great love That have impelled me to explore thy volume!

Thou art my master, and my author thou, Thou art alone the one from

whom I took The beautiful style that has done honour to me.

Behold the beast, for which I have turned back; Do thou protect me

from her, famous Sage, For she doth make my veins and pulses tremble."

"Thee it behoves to take another road," Responded he, when he beheld

me weeping, "If from this savage place thou wouldst escape;

Because this beast, at which thou criest out, Suffers not any one to

pass her way, But so doth harass him, that she destroys him;

And has a nature so malign and ruthless, That never doth she glut her

greedy will, And after food is hungrier than before.

THE DIVINE COMEDY OF DANTE ALIGHIERI

Many the animals with whom she weds, And more they shall be still,

until the Greyhound Comes, who shall make her perish in her pain.

He shall not feed on either earth or pelf, But upon wisdom, and on

love and virtue; 'Twixt Feltro and Feltro shall his nation be;

Of that low Italy shall he be the saviour, On whose account the maid

Camilla died, Euryalus, Turnus, Nisus, of their wounds;

Through every city shall he hunt her down, Until he shall have driven

her back to Hell, There from whence envy first did let her loose.

Therefore I think and judge it for thy best Thou follow me, and I will

be thy guide, And lead thee hence through the eternal place,

Where thou shalt hear the desperate lamentations, Shalt see the ancient

spirits disconsolate, Who cry out each one for the second death;

And thou shalt see those who contented are Within the fire, because

they hope to come, Whene'er it may be, to the blessed people;

To whom, then, if thou wishest to ascend, A soul shall be for that than

I more worthy; With her at my departure I will leave thee;

Because that Emperor, who reigns above, In that I was rebellious to his

law, Wills that through me none come into his city.

He governs everywhere, and there he reigns; There is his city and his

lofty throne; O happy he whom thereto he elects!"

And I to him: "Poet, I thee entreat, By that same God whom thou didst

never know, So that I may escape this woe and worse,

Thou wouldst conduct me there where thou hast said, That I may see

the portal of Saint Peter, And those thou makest so disconsolate."

Then he moved on, and I behind him followed.

THE DIVINE COMEDY OF DANTE ALIGHIERI

Inferno: Canto II

Day was departing, and the embrowned air Released the animals that

are on earth From their fatigues; and I the only one

Made myself ready to sustain the war, Both of the way and likewise of

the woe, Which memory that errs not shall retrace.

O Muses, O high genius, now assist me! O memory, that didst write

down what I saw, Here thy nobility shall be manifest!

And I began: "Poet, who guidest me, Regard my manhood, if it be

sufficient, Ere to the arduous pass thou dost confide me.

Thou sayest, that of Silvius the parent, While yet corruptible, unto the

world Immortal went, and was there bodily.

But if the adversary of all evil Was courteous, thinking of the high

effect That issue would from him, and who, and what,

To men of intellect unmeet it seems not; For he was of great Rome,

and of her empire In the empyreal heaven as father chosen;

The which and what, wishing to speak the truth, Were stablished as the

holy place, wherein Sits the successor of the greatest Peter.

Upon this journey, whence thou givest him vaunt, Things did he hear,

which the occasion were Both of his victory and the papal mantle.

Thither went afterwards the Chosen Vessel, To bring back comfort

thence unto that Faith, Which of salvation's way is the beginning.

But I, why thither come, or who concedes it? I not Aeneas am, I am

not Paul, Nor I, nor others, think me worthy of it.

Therefore, if I resign myself to come, I fear the coming may be ill-

advised; Thou'rt wise, and knowest better than I speak."

And as he is, who unwills what he willed, And by new thoughts doth

his intention change, So that from his design he quite withdraws,

Such I became, upon that dark hillside, Because, in thinking, I

consumed the emprise, Which was so very prompt in the beginning.

"If I have well thy language understood," Replied that shade of the

Magnanimous, "Thy soul attainted is with cowardice,

Which many times a man encumbers so, It turns him back from

honoured enterprise, As false sight doth a beast, when he is shy.

THE DIVINE COMEDY OF DANTE ALIGHIERI

That thou mayst free thee from this apprehension, I'll tell thee why I

came, and what I heard At the first moment when I grieved for thee.

Among those was I who are in suspense, And a fair, saintly Lady

called to me In such wise, I besought her to command me.

Her eyes where shining brighter than the Star; And she began to say,

gentle and low, With voice angelical, in her own language:

'O spirit courteous of Mantua, Of whom the fame still in the world

endures, And shall endure, long-lasting as the world;

A friend of mine, and not the friend of fortune, Upon the desert slope

is so impeded Upon his way, that he has turned through terror,

And may, I fear, already be so lost, That I too late have risen to his

succour, From that which I have heard of him in Heaven.

Bestir thee now, and with thy speech ornate, And with what needful is

for his release, Assist him so, that I may be consoled.

Beatrice am I, who do bid thee go; I come from there, where I would

fain return; Love moved me, which compelleth me to speak.

When I shall be in presence of my Lord, Full often will I praise thee

unto him.' Then paused she, and thereafter I began:

'O Lady of virtue, thou alone through whom The human race

exceedeth all contained Within the heaven that has the lesser circles,

So grateful unto me is thy commandment, To obey, if 'twere already

done, were late; No farther need'st thou ope to me thy wish.

But the cause tell me why thou dost not shun The here descending

down into this centre, From the vast place thou burnest to return to.'

'Since thou wouldst fain so inwardly discern, Briefly will I relate,' she

answered me, 'Why I am not afraid to enter here.

Of those things only should one be afraid Which have the power of

doing others harm; Of the rest, no; because they are not fearful.

God in his mercy such created me That misery of yours attains me not,

Nor any flame assails me of this burning.

A gentle Lady is in Heaven, who grieves At this impediment, to which

I send thee, So that stern judgment there above is broken.

In her entreaty she besought Lucia, And said, "Thy faithful one now

stands in need Of thee, and unto thee I recommend him."

THE DIVINE COMEDY OF DANTE ALIGHIERI

Lucia, foe of all that cruel is, Hastened away, and came unto the place

Where I was sitting with the ancient Rachel.

"Beatrice" said she, "the true praise of God, Why succourest thou not

him, who loved thee so, For thee he issued from the vulgar herd?

Dost thou not hear the pity of his plaint? Dost thou not see the death

that combats him Beside that flood, where ocean has no vaunt?"

Never were persons in the world so swift To work their weal and to

escape their woe, As I, after such words as these were uttered,

Came hither downward from my blessed seat, Confiding in thy

dignified discourse, Which honours thee, and those who've listened to it.'

After she thus had spoken unto me, Weeping, her shining eyes she

turned away; Whereby she made me swifter in my coming;

And unto thee I came, as she desired; I have delivered thee from that

wild beast, Which barred the beautiful mountain's short ascent.

What is it, then? Why, why dost thou delay? Why is such baseness

bedded in thy heart? Daring and hardihood why hast thou not,

Seeing that three such Ladies benedight Are caring for thee in the

court of Heaven, And so much good my speech doth promise thee?"

Even as the flowerets, by nocturnal chill, Bowed down and closed,

when the sun whitens them, Uplift themselves all open on their stems;

Such I became with my exhausted strength, And such good courage to

my heart there coursed, That I began, like an intrepid person:

"O she compassionate, who succoured me, And courteous thou, who

hast obeyed so soon The words of truth which she addressed to thee!

Thou hast my heart so with desire disposed To the adventure, with

these words of thine, That to my first intent I have returned.

Now go, for one sole will is in us both, Thou Leader, and thou Lord,

and Master thou." Thus said I to him; and when he had moved,

I entered on the deep and savage way.

THE DIVINE COMEDY OF DANTE ALIGHIERI

Inferno: Canto III

"Through me the way is to the city dolent; Through me the way is to

eternal dole; Through me the way among the people lost.

Justice incited my sublime Creator; Created me divine Omnipotence,

The highest Wisdom and the primal Love.

Before me there were no created things, Only eterne, and I eternal last.

All hope abandon, ye who enter in!"

These words in sombre colour I beheld Written upon the summit of a

gate; Whence I: "Their sense is, Master, hard to me!"

And he to me, as one experienced: "Here all suspicion needs must be

abandoned, All cowardice must needs be here extinct.

We to the place have come, where I have told thee Thou shalt behold

the people dolorous Who have foregone the good of intellect."

And after he had laid his hand on mine With joyful mien, whence I

was comforted, He led me in among the secret things.

There sighs, complaints, and ululations loud Resounded through the

air without a star, Whence I, at the beginning, wept thereat.

Languages diverse, horrible dialects, Accents of anger, words of agony,

And voices high and hoarse, with sound of hands,

Made up a tumult that goes whirling on For ever in that air for ever

black, Even as the sand doth, when the whirlwind breathes.

And I, who had my head with horror bound, Said: "Master, what is this

which now I hear? What folk is this, which seems by pain so vanquished?"

And he to me: "This miserable mode Maintain the melancholy souls of

those Who lived withouten infamy or praise.

Commingled are they with that caitiff choir Of Angels, who have not

rebellious been, Nor faithful were to God, but were for self.

The heavens expelled them, not to be less fair; Nor them the

nethermore abyss receives, For glory none the damned would have from

them."

And I: "O Master, what so grievous is To these, that maketh them

lament so sore?" He answered: "I will tell thee very briefly.

These have no longer any hope of death; And this blind life of theirs is

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THEDIVINECOMEDYOFDANTEALIGHIERI1THEDIVINECOMEDYOFDANTEALIGHIERITRANSLATEDBYHENRYWADSWORTHLONGFELLOW(1807-1882)THEDIVINECOMEDYOFDANTEALIGHIERI2CONTENTSInfernoI.TheDarkForest.TheHillofDifficulty.ThePanther,theLion,andtheWolf.Virgil.II.TheDescent.Dante'sProtestandVirgil'sAppeal.TheIntercessionoftheThre...

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Longfellow’s Translation of Dante Inferno(朗费罗译但丁之《地狱》)

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