Lovecraft, H P - History Of The Necronomicon

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History of the Necronomicon

by H.P. Lovecraft

Written 1927

Published 1938

Original title Al Azif -- azif being the word used by Arabs to designate that nocturnal

sound (made by insects) suppos'd to be the howling of daemons.

Composed by Abdul Alhazred, a mad poet of Sanaá, in Yemen, who is said to have

flourished during the period of the Ommiade caliphs, circa 700 A.D. He visited the ruins

of Babylon and the subterranean secrets of Memphis and spent ten years alone in the

great southern desert of Arabia -- the Roba el Khaliyeh or "Empty Space" of the ancients

-- and "Dahna" or "Crimson" desert of the modern Arabs, which is held to be inhabited

by protective evil spirits and monsters of death. Of this desert many strange and

unbelievable marvels are told by those who pretend to have penetrated it. In his last years

Alhazred dwelt in Damascus, where the Necronomicon (Al Azif) was written, and of his

final death or disappearance (738 A.D.) many terrible and conflicting things are told. He

is said by Ebn Khallikan (12th cent. biographer) to have been seized by an invisible

monster in broad daylight and devoured horribly before a large number of fright-frozen

witnesses. Of his madness many things are told. He claimed to have seen fabulous Irem,

or City of Pillars, and to have found beneath the ruins of a certain nameless desert town

the shocking annals and secrets of a race older than mankind. He was only an indifferent

Moslem, worshipping unknown entities whom he called Yog-Sothoth and Cthulhu.

In A.D. 950 the Azif, which had gained a considerable tho' surreptitious circulation

amongst the philosophers of the age, was secretly translated into Greek by Theodorus

Philetas of Constantinople under the title Necronomicon. For a century it impelled certain

experimenters to terrible attempts, when it was suppressed and burnt by the patriarch

Michael. After this it is only heard of furtively, but (1228) Olaus Wormius made a Latin

translation later in the Middle Ages, and the Latin text was printed twice -- once in the

fifteenth century in black-letter (evidently in Germany) and once in the seventeenth

(prob. Spanish) -- both editions being without identifying marks, and located as to time

and place by internal typographical evidence only. The work both Latin and Greek was

banned by Pope Gregory IX in 1232, shortly after its Latin translation, which called

attention to it. The Arabic original was lost as early as Wormius' time, as indicated by his

prefatory note; and no sight of the Greek copy -- which was printed in Italy between 1500

and 1550 -- has been reported since the burning of a certain Salem man's library in 1692.

An English translation made by Dr. Dee was never printed, and exists only in fragments

recovered from the original manuscript. Of the Latin texts now existing one (15th cent.)

is known to be in the British Museum under lock and key, while another (17th cent.) is in

the Bibliothèque Nationale at Paris. A seventeenth-century edition is in the Widener

Library at Harvard, and in the library of Miskatonic University at Arkham. Also in the

library of the University of Buenos Ayres. Numerous other copies probably exist in

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Lovecraft, H P - History Of The Necronomicon

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