Philosophy - David Hume - The Natural History of Religion

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THE NATURAL HISTORY OF RELIGION

David Hume

Table of Contents

THE NATURAL HISTORY OF RELIGION..................................................................................................1

David Hume.............................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................1

SECT. I. (That Polytheism was the primary Religion of Men)..............................................................2

SECT. II. (Origin of Polytheism)............................................................................................................3

SECT. III. (The same subject continued)................................................................................................4

SECT. IV. (Deities not considered as creators or formers of the world)...............................................6

SECT. V. (Various Forms of Polytheism: Allegory, Hero−Worship)....................................................9

SECT. VI. (Origin of Theism from Polytheism)..................................................................................10

SECT. VII. (Confirmation of this Doctrine).........................................................................................13

SECT. VIII. (Flux and reflux of polytheism and theism).....................................................................13

SECT. IX. (Comparison of these Religions, with regard to Persecution and Toleration.)..................14

SECT. X. (With regard to courage or abasement)................................................................................16

SECT. XI. (With regard to reason or absurdity)...................................................................................16

SECT. XII. (With regard to Doubt or Conviction)...............................................................................17

SECT. XIII. (Impious conceptions of the divine nature in popular religions of both kinds)..............22

SECT. XIV. (Bad influence of popular religions on morality).............................................................24

SECT. XV. (General Corollary)...........................................................................................................26

THE NATURAL HISTORY OF RELIGION

David Hume

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INTRODUCTION• SECT. I. (That Polytheism was the primary Religion of Men).• SECT. II. (Origin of Polytheism).• SECT. III. (The same subject continued).• SECT. IV. (Deities not considered as creators or formers of the world).• SECT. V. (Various Forms of Polytheism: Allegory, Hero−Worship).• SECT. VI. (Origin of Theism from Polytheism).• SECT. VII. (Confirmation of this Doctrine).• SECT. VIII. (Flux and reflux of polytheism and theism).• SECT. IX. (Comparison of these Religions, with regard to Persecution and Toleration.)• SECT. X. (With regard to courage or abasement).• SECT. XI. (With regard to reason or absurdity).• SECT. XII. (With regard to Doubt or Conviction).• SECT. XIII. (Impious conceptions of the divine nature in popular religions of both kinds).• SECT. XIV. (Bad influence of popular religions on morality).• SECT. XV. (General Corollary).•

INTRODUCTION

As every enquiry, which regards religion, is of the utmost importance, there are two questions in particular,

which challenge our attention, to wit, that concerning its foundation in reason, and that concerning its origin

in human nature. Happily, the first question, which is the most important, admits of the most obvious, at least,

the clearest solution. The whole frame of nature bespeaks an intelligent author; and no rational enquirer can,

after serious reflection, suspend his belief a moment with regard to the primary principles of genuine Theism

and Religion. But the other question, concerning the origin of religion in human nature, is exposed to some

more difficulty. The belief of invisible, intelligent power has been very generally diffused over the human

race, in all places and in all ages; but it has neither perhaps been so universal as to admit of no exception, nor

has it been, in any degree, uniform in the ideas, which it has suggested. Some nations have been discovered,

who entertained no sentiments of Religion, if travellers and historians may be credited; and no two nations,

and scarce any two men, have ever agreed precisely in the same sentiments. It would appear, therefore, that

this preconception springs not from an original instinct or primary impression of nature, such as gives rise to

self−love, affection between the sexes, love of progeny, gratitude, resentment; since every instinct of this

kind has been found absolutely universal in all nations and ages, and has always a precise determinate object,

which it inflexibly pursues. The first religious principles must be secondary; such as may easily be perverted

by various accidents and causes, and whose operation too, in some cases, may, by an extraordinary

concurrence of circumstances, be altogether prevented. What those principles are, which give rise to the

original belief, and what those accidents and causes are, which direct its operation, is the subject of our

present enquiry.

THE NATURAL HISTORY OF RELIGION 1

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