Hippocrates - On The Sacred Disease

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On the Sacred Disease Hippocrates by Francis Adams is thus with regard to the disease

called Sacred: it appears toto be nowise more divine nor more sacred than other diseases,

buta natural cause from the originates like other affections. Menits nature and cause as

divine from ignorance and wonder, becauseis not at all like to other diseases. And this

notion of its divinitykept up by their inability to comprehend it, and the simplicitythe mode

by which it is cured, for men are freed from it by purificationsincantations. But if it is

reckoned divine because it is wonderful,of one there are many diseases which would be

sacred; for,I will show, there are others no less wonderful and prodigious,nobody imagines

to be sacred. The quotidian, tertian, and quartan, seem to me no less sacred and divine in

their origin thandisease, although they are not reckoned so wonderful. And I seebecome

mad and demented from no manifest cause, and at the samedoing many things out of

place; and I have known many personssleep groaning and crying out, some in a state of

suffocation,jumping up and fleeing out of doors, and deprived of their reasonthey awaken,

and afterward becoming well and rational as before,they be pale and weak; and this will

happen not once but. And there are many and various things of the like kind,it would be

tedious to state particularly. who first referred this malady to the gods appear to me to

havejust such persons as the conjurors, purificators, mountebanks,charlatans now are, who

give themselves out for being excessively, and as knowing more than other people. Such

persons, then,the divinity as a pretext and screen of their own inabilityof their own inability

to afford any assistance, have given outthe disease is sacred, adding suitable reasons for

this opinion,have instituted a mode of treatment which is safe for themselves,, by applying

purifications and incantations, and enforcingfrom baths and many articles of food which

are unwholesomemen in diseases. Of sea substances, the surmullet, the blacktail,mullet,

and the eel; for these are the fishes most to be guarded. And of fleshes, those of the goat,

the stag, the sow, anddog: for these are the kinds of flesh which are aptest to

disorderbowels. Of fowls, the cock, the turtle, and the bustard, and suchas are reckoned to

be particularly strong. And of potherbs,, garlic, and onions; for what is acrid does not

agree with aperson. And they forbid to have a black robe, because black isof death; and to

sleep on a goat's skin, or to wear it,to put one foot upon another, or one hand upon

another; for allthings are held to be hindrances to the cure. All these theywith reference to

its divinity, as if possessed of more knowledge,announcing beforehand other causes so

that if the person should, theirs would be the honor and credit; and if he should die,would

have a certain defense, as if the gods, and not they, wereblame, seeing they had

administered nothing either to eat or drinkmedicines, nor had overheated him with baths,

so as to prove theof what had happened. But I am of opinion that (if this were) none of

the Libyans, who live in the interior, would be freethis disease, since they all sleep on

goats' skins, and livegoats' flesh; neither have they couch, robe, nor shoe that ismade of

goat's skin, for they have no other herds but goats and. But if these things, when

administered in food, aggravate the, and if it be cured by abstinence from them, godhead is

notcause at all; nor will purifications be of any avail, but it isfood which is beneficial and

prejudicial, and the influence ofdivinity vanishes. , they who try to cure these maladies in

this way, appear to meto reckon them sacred nor divine. For when they are removedsuch

purifications, and this method of cure, what is to preventfrom being brought upon men

and induced by other devices similarthese? So that the cause is no longer divine, but

human. For whoeverable, by purifications conjurations, to drive away such an affection,be

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able, by other practices, to excite it; and, according toview, its divine nature is entirely

done away with. By such sayingsdoings, they profess to be possessed of superior

knowledge, andmankind by enjoining lustrations and purifications upon them,their

discourse turns upon the divinity and the godhead. Andit would appear to me that their

discourse savors not of piety,they suppose, but rather of impiety, and as if there were no

gods,that what they hold to be holy and divine, were impious and unholy.I will now

explain. , if they profess to know how to bring down the moon, darken the, induce storms

and fine weather, and rains and droughts, and makesea and land unproductive, and so

forth, whether they arrogatepower as being derived from mysteries or any other

knowledgeconsideration, they appear to me to practice impiety, and eitherfancy that there

are no gods, or, if there are, that they haveability to ward off any of the greatest evils.

How, then, are theyenemies to the gods? For if a man by magical arts and sacrificesbring

down the moon, and darken the sun, and induce storms, orweather, I should not believe

that there was anything divine,human, in these things, provided the power of the divine

wereby human knowledge and subjected to it. But perhaps itbe said, these things are not

so, but, not withstanding, menin want of the means of life, invent many and various

things,devise many contrivances for all other things, and for this disease,every phase of the

disease, assigning the cause to a god. Nor doremember the same things once, but

frequently. For, if they imitategoat, or grind their teeth, or if their right side be

convulsed,say that the mother of the gods is the cause. But if they speaka sharper and

more intense tone, they resemble this state to a, and say that Poseidon is the cause. Or if

any excrement be, which is often the case, owing to the violence of the disease,appellation

of Enodia is adhibited; or, if it be passed in smallerdenser masses, like bird's, it is said to be

from Apollo Nomius.if foam be emitted by the mouth, and the patient kick with his, Ares

then gets the blame. But terrors which happen during the, and fevers, and delirium, and

jumpings out of bed, and frightful, and fleeing away,-all these they hold to be the

plotsHecate, and the invasions the and use purifications and incantations,, as appears to

me, make the divinity to be most wicked and most. For they purify those laboring under

this disease, with thesorts of blood and the other means that are used in the casethose who

are stained with crimes, and of malefactors, or who haveenchanted by men, or who have

done any wicked act; who oughtdo the very reverse, namely, sacrifice and pray, and,

bringingto the temples, supplicate the gods. But now they do none ofthings, but purify;

and some of the purifications they concealthe earth, and some they throw into the sea, and

some they carrythe mountains where no one can touch or tread upon them. But

theseought to take to the temples and present to the god, if a godthe cause of the disease.

Neither truly do I count it a worthyto hold that the body of man is polluted by god, the

mostby the most holy; for were it defiled, or did it suffer fromother thing, it would be like

to be purified and sanctified ratherpolluted by god. For it is the divinity which purifies and

sanctifiesgreatest of offenses and the most wicked, and which proves ourfrom them. And

we mark out the boundaries of the templesthe groves of the gods, so that no one may pass

them unless hepure, and when we enter them we are sprinkled with holy water,as being

polluted, but as laying aside any other pollution whichformerly had. And thus it appears to

me to hold, with regard to. this disease seems to me to be no more divine than others;

buthas its nature such as other diseases have, and a cause whenceoriginates, and its nature

and cause are divine only just as muchall others are, and it is curable no less than the

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AUniversalDownloadEditionWWW.UDownloadBooks.Com1OntheSacredDiseaseHippocratesbyFrancisAdamsisthuswithregardtothediseasecalledSacred:itappearstotobenowisemoredivinenormoresacredthanotherdiseases,butanaturalcausefromtheoriginateslikeotheraffections.Menitsnatureandcauseasdivinefromignoranceandwonder,be...

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