专题16 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致-十年(2012-2021)高考英语真题分项详解(全国通用) 解析版

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专题 16 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
2021 年】
1.(2021·天津卷)We ________ quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break.
Ahave done Bwill do Chad done Dwere doing
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意:今天上午我们做的工作够多的了,现在让我们休息一下吧。根据后半句
now let's take a break.”可知,做很多工作这件事情是从过去某个时间开始一直到现在,应用现在完成时。
故选 A
2.(2021·天津卷)Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would
take a lifetime to see everything.
Awere displaying Bare displaying
Cwere being displayed Dare being displayed
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态和语态。目前,大约有 35000 件作品陈列在卢浮宫的 300 多个展室里,要看完所有
的展品恐怕要花一辈子的时间。根据上文“Currently(目前)”可知,应该用现在进行时;display 与主语
works 之间为被动关系,所以用现在进行时的被动。故选 D
3. 2021·国甲卷语法填空)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's
long history. It ___41___ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely
restored (修复).
…….
We ___46___ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
【答案】41.was built 46.hired
【解析】46.考查被动语态。句意:它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的,现在已经完全修复了。分
析句子可知,空格处为谓语,动词 build 和主语之间是被动关系,应用被动语态(be done),根据句意和
时间状语 the Tang dynasty 可知,用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式,主语 it 第三人称单数,主谓一致,
故填 was built
47. 考查时态。句意:我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知,此处为谓语动词,根据上下
文可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故填 hired
4. 2021·全国甲卷短文改错) They kept very much to themselves. In my opinion, whenever in trouble, we
should seek help from those we trust most.
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考查时态。句意:他们很自闭。结合前文可知,文章的时态用一般现在时。所以此处的 kept
keep。故 kept 改为 keep
5. 2021·全国 1卷语法填空)What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how
hard it ____61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
【答案】 was
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意:你不禁会想,对当时的人们来说,把这些石头都安置好有多难。分
析句子可知,how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”wonder 宾语it
是从句的形式主语,不定式为真正主语,谓语动词用单数形式,安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情,应用
一般过去时。
6. 2021·浙江卷语法填空)It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but
Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___36___ proveirresistible to visitors since it opened to the
public.
…….
When the house was built, it was much smaller than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home ___40___
paintwhite.
【答案】36. has proved/has proven 40. was painted
【解析】36. 考查动词。句意:它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象,
但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家,自从向公众开放以来,就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的
分析句子成分可知,设空处作谓语动词,Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois 作主语;结合句意
及设空处后的时间状语从句 since it opened to the public 可知,此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响,
符合现在完成时概念,故设空处用现在完成时;现在完成时结构是 has/have +过去分词;主语 Lincoln’s
home in downtown Springfield Illinois 是第三人称单数,所以助动词用 has,提prove 的过去分词形式是
proved proven。故填 has proved/ has proven
40. 考查被动语态。句意:这个子被成了。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语动词, The
little home 作主语。结合句意及常识可知,子是“被漆”的,主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系,所以要
用被动语态;根据上文的 was built 可知,此处为一般过去时态;一般过去时的被动语态结构是 was/were+
过去分词;主The little home 是单数第三人称,所以要用 waspaint 的过去分词形式painted
故填 was painted
2020 年】
1.2020·新课标I卷)The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient
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Chinese moon goddess 61
(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案】touched
【解析】考查时态。句意:月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字灵感源于古代的中国月亮女神——
在南极艾特盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语,根据时间状语 last week 可知应使用一般过去时,故填
touched
2.2020·新课标I卷)This really excites scientists, Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says,
because it 67
(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68
(construct) .
67.【答案】means
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:“这真的使科学家们动,”布朗的一位科学Carle
Pieters 说:“为它意味着我们有获得月球如何构造的息。根据上文“This really excites
scientists”可知,此处也使用一般现在时,主语是 it,所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式 means,故
means
68.【答案】is constructed
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意上。分析句子可知,此处是宾语从句谓语动词,谓语
construct 与主语 the moon 之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时,主
the moon 是单数,故填 is constructed
3.(2020·新课标IIActually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, I have long
been out of practice.
【答案】start→started
【解析】考查时态。句意:事上,我七岁时就开始学功夫了。分析句子,此处动词 start 述的是 7
的时,动词应该用过去时。故start 改为 started
4.(2020·新课标III卷)The artist was sure he would63
(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece
to the emperors chief minister, the old nan laughed.
【答案】be chosen
【解析】考查动词语态。句意:确信他会被选中,但是当他把他的皇帝宰相时,这
了。句中主语 he 与谓语动词 choose 构成被动关系,would 动词形。故填 be chosen
5.(2020·新课标III卷)
65
When/As
he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could
find the legendary (传奇) artist, they smiled and 66
(point) down the river.
【答案】pointed
3 / 34
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:当他上的村民,他在里可以到这位传奇艺术家时,他们
河的下游。根据上文 they smiled and 可知此处应用一般过去时。故填 pointed
6.2020·浙江卷)Andas more children were bornmore food 59
(need).
【答案】was needed
【解析】考查时态语态。句意:随着越多的小孩出生,多的食物要。分析句子,逻辑主语和
need 之间表示被动逻辑时此处描述的是过去的时间,所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动
语态。food 为不可数词。故填 was needed
7.2020·浙江卷)By about 6000 BCpeople 61
(discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
【答案】had discovered
【解析】考查时态。句意:大约在公6000 年,人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养
牲畜。分析句子,单句中了提外无其余动词,故此处用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提词之间
主动逻辑by + 过去时间 为“到……止”,后的句子用过去完成时。故填 had discovered.
8.2020·浙江卷)New methods 65
(mean)that fewer people worked in farming.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查时态。句意:新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子,主句无其他动词,故此
填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时,根据时态一致原则此处应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示
主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填 meant
9.2020· The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38 (form) the core
collection of the British Museum 39 which/that opened in 1759.
【答案】formed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:例如隆爵士8品构成了 1759 年开的大英博物馆
品。此处是谓语动词,根据时间状语 in1759 可知,应使用一般过去时。故填 formed
10.2020·山东卷)The parts of a museum open to the public 40 (call) galleries or rooms.
【答案】are called
【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的分被称为画廊或。此处描述的是客
使,应使用一般现在时;主语call 宾关系,使用被动语态,语是复数概念。故填 are
called
11.(2020·天津卷)You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks. It’s because I ______ a lot these days.
Ahave been practising Bwas practising
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Cwould practise Dhad practised
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意:——你游——谢谢。这是为这些天我一直在练习。根据时间状
these days(这些天)可知,“练习泳”从数天前开始,一直持续到现在,此该句应用现在完成进行时
态。故选 A
12.(2020·天津卷)The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ around that
level since.
Aare remaining Bhave remained
Cis remaining Dhas remained
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:20 世纪 90 年代初,医学院的数量达到了 18 所,此后一直保
ever since“ the number of medical
schoolsthe number of 表示……的数目,中心词是 number,所以是单数,作主语时,谓语动词应用第
三人称单数形式。上,故选 D
13.2020·卷)If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that ______
everyone.
A. suit B. suited C. suits D. has suited
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:如果你从方面题,你可到一个个人的解案。
句子描述的客,应使用一般现在时;此处是定语从句谓语动词行词是 a solution,从句谓语动词
使用第三人称单数形式。故选 C
14.2020·卷)Instead of getting down to a new task as I _____, he examined the previous work again.
A. had expected B. have expected C. would expect D. expect
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:有像我所期望的那样着手工作,而是又检查了一以前的工作
此处描述的动作发生在 examined 之前,属于“过去的过去,应使用过去完成时。故选 A
2019 年】
1.2019·卷】 The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last
three months.
A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give
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【答案】B
【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意:在过去的三个里,这名音乐家与他的已经完
成了十场演出in the last three months”可知,这句的时态为现在完成时,故排除 AD
语为 the musician,为第三人称单数形式,句中的“along with his band members”附加成分,故谓语动词
要用第三人称单数形式。故选 B
2.2019·卷】A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________ in love with the
people and culture there.
A. would fall B. had fallen C. has fallen D. fell
【答案 D
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:他到中国后,就上了那里的人和文。发生在 had
arrived 之后的动作状态应用一般过去时。故选 D
3.2019·卷】They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer
Olympics.
A. will install B. will have been installed C. are installed D. have been installed
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:他们正努力确保在 2022 北京冬奥会之前安5G 终端
来某一时间以前已经完成一直持续的动作,用来完成时。“5G 终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系,用
被动语态,故选 B
4.2019·天津卷】I ______ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriagebut I couldn't manage
it.
A. had hoped B. am hoping
C. have hoped D. would hope
【答案】A
【解析】考查过去完成时。句意:我计划Peter 他一,可是我做到。第
个分句中“couldn’t用的是一般过去时,它之前的动作用过去完成时。故选 A
5.2019·天津卷】Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the
village last week.
A. is given B. are given
C. was given D. were given
【答案】C
6 / 34
【解析】题考查时态和语态。句意:艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回里时,热烈欢迎。根
last week 可知应用过去时,排除ABas well as 连接并列主语,谓语动词就前原则这句真正
的主语是 Amy她受热烈欢迎,所以用过去时的被动。故选 C
6.2019·新课标 I卷】 Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six
___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】are
【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。根据 three are declining,此处数词 six 作主语,代指前文中的“polar
bear subpopulations”,故用复数谓语,一般现在时,故填 are
7.2019·新课标 II 卷】Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”awardproud Irene ___64___(declare) she
had no plans __to retire__ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】B
【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。根据上下文可知,该句主语为 Irene,此处为谓语成分,根据后文 had
以及 said 可知用一般过去时态,故填 declared
8.2019·新课标 II 卷】I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the
friends I ___66___(make) over the years
【答案】are
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years可知,此处用现在完成时态
句意:我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来到的朋友们。故填 have made
9.2019·新课标 II 卷】And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
【答案】And the other
is
was
that I wanted to help people in need.
【解析】考查一般过去时。本篇文章使用的全是一般过去时,与最后一句列的“one was that…”
用的是一般过去时,所以最后一句时态应为一般过去时。述当时做定时的原因。故is 改为
was
10.2019·新课标 III Our hosts shared many of their experiences and___65___(recommend)wonderful
places to eatshopand visit. For breakfastwe were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in
the backyard.
【答案】recommended
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意:我们的主人我们分了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的
and” 个动作“shared”recommended” 列关系,时态一致。故填
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recommended
11.2019·新课标 III On the last day of our week-long staywe 69 (invite)to attend a private concert
on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars
【答案】were invited
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。on the last day of our week-long stay”可知,句子时态为一般过去
时。根据句意:我们被邀请参加场私音乐会,所以用被动语态。主语为 we,故填 were invited
2018 年】
1.2018·北京Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around?
—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.
A. start B. have started C. started D. had started
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意:——嗨,我是彼得。你是来的吗?有在附近见过你。——你好,
。我是鲍勃。我刚刚开始在这。根据谈话内容可知,Bob 现在在这,他开始(start)在这
是发生在一的事情,一是一个过去的时间,故该句应用一般过去时态,C
2.2018·北京 Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I
visited her last year.
A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意:Susan 已经去了的工作。去年当我探望她的时正在一个社区
里做志愿者Susan 发生在志愿者之前,had quit 是过去完成时态,过去完成时态通俗的说就是
“过去的过去结合时间状语 when I visited her last year 可知,Susan 志愿者是过去的某个时间
生的情,故该空应用过去进行时态。B
3.2018·北京China’s high-speed railways ________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few
years.
A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意:在过去的年里,中国的速铁路已经从 9,000 公里增长25,000 公里。
该句时间状语为 in the past few years。中国速铁路增长是从过去一直到现在年里的情,故该句应用
现在完成时态。B
4.2018·北京A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two
8 / 34
days.
A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped
【答案】D
【解析】考查语态和时态。句意:一个救援命危险挽救个被天的
who ___ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句,修two touriststwo tourists trap 之间是被动关系,
该空应用被动语态。risked 可知,营救游客是过去的事情,被天发生在营救了他们之
前,“过去的过去,该空应用过去完成时态。上,D
5.2018·天津】My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
A. was repaired B. is repaired
C. is being repaired D. has been repaired
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意:这我的洗衣正在修,所以我不洗衣服。根据后句 so I have to
wash my clothes by hand.可知,洗衣正在修,故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选 C
6.2018· Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _______ more
convenient electronic communication tools by then.
A. have developed B. had developed
C. will have developed D. developed
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意:2025 年,我们不件,为到那时我们开发更方
便。根据时间状语 in 2025,可知用来时;根据时间状语 by then 到那时,可知用完成
时。结合可知用来完成时。故选 C
7.2018·I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _______ in the past two
years.
A. had been carried out B. would be carried out
C. is being carried out D. has been carried out
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意:上个我被里去看看在过去的年里发展计划如何行的。根据
句中时间状语 last month in the past two years 可知用过去完成时。故选 A
8.2018·新课标IWhile running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more
effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming.
9 / 34
【答案】is
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。医学报告显跑步比散步车和游泳更能延长寿命
这里述的是一个事,故用一般现在时,主语是 it,要用第三人称单数。故填 is
9.2018·IDuring my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my
grandparents. I find a big change there.
【答案】find 改成 found 
【解析】考查动词时态。根据文章中During my last winter holiday 知,事件发生在过去,故用
个过去时。故find 改成 found
9.2018·IIDiets have changed in China and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country
___61___growmore corn than rice.
【答案】has grown
【解析】考查时态。since 时间,主句要用现在完成时。句意:2011 年以来,中国种植的
多。故填 has grown
10. 2018· 新 课 标 II The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the
government ___68___ (start) a soil-testing program that/which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers
- and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【答案】started
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:在 2005 政府开始了一土壤目。句是 when 引导的定语
从句,由于时间是 2005 年,故用过去时。故填 started
11.2018·IITrue to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me no
real harm.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查动词的时态。分析句的句子成分可知,谓语,根据时态可知要用一般
过去时,所以用 meant
2017 年】
1.2017·天津卷】I ________down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
A. was driving B. have driven C. would drive D. drove
【答案】A
was/ were doing sth. +
when…(正在做某事,就在这时突然)可知选 A
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摘要:

专题16动词的时态、语态和主谓一致【2021年】1.(2021·天津卷)We________quiteenoughworkforthemorning;nowlet'stakeabreak.A.havedoneB.willdoC.haddoneD.weredoing【答案】A【解析】考查时态。句意:今天上午我们做的工作够多的了,现在让我们休息一下吧。根据后半句“nowlet'stakeabreak.”可知,做很多工作这件事情是从过去某个时间开始一直到现在,应用现在完成时。故选A。2.(2021·天津卷)Currently,about35,000works________inover300room...

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专题16 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致-十年(2012-2021)高考英语真题分项详解(全国通用) 解析版.doc

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