Jules Vernes - 20000 Miles Under the Sea

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20000 Leagues Under the Seas

by Jules Verne

January, 2001 [Etext #2529]

The Project Gutenberg Etext of 20000 Leagues Under the Seas by Jules

Verne

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Twenty Thousand

Leagues Under

the Seas

JULES VERNE

An Underwater Tour of the World

Translated from the Original French

by F. P. Walter

With the Paintings of Milo Winter

___________________________________________________________________

CEDAR POST PUBLISHING * HOUSTON, TEXAS

Text Prepared by: F. P. Walter, 1433 Cedar Post, No. 31,

Houston, Texas 77055. (713) 827-1345

A complete, unabridged translation of Vingt milles lieues sous les

mers by Jules Verne, based on the original French texts published

in Paris by J. Hetzel et Cie. over the period 1869-71.

The paintings of Illinois watercolorist Milo Winter (1888-1956) first

appeared in a 1922 juvenile edition published by Rand McNally & Company.

VERNE'S TITLE

The French title of this novel is Vingt mille lieues sous les mers.

This is accurately translated as Twenty Thousand Leagues Under

the SEAS--rather than the SEA, as with many English editions.

Verne's novel features a tour of the major oceans, and the term Leagues

in its title is used as a measure not of depth but distance. Ed.

Contents

Color Plates vii

Introduction ix

Units of Measure xii

FIRST PART

1. A Runaway Reef 1

2. The Pros and Cons 6

3. As Master Wishes 10

4. Ned Land 14

5. At Random! 19

6. At Full Steam 24

7. A Whale of Unknown Species 30

8. "Mobilis in Mobili" 35

9. The Tantrums of Ned Land 41

10. The Man of the Waters 46

11. The Nautilus 53

12. Everything through Electricity 58

13. Some Figures 63

14. The Black Current 68

15. An Invitation in Writing 76

16. Strolling the Plains 82

17. An Underwater Forest 86

18. Four Thousand Leagues Under the Pacific 91

19. Vanikoro 96

20. The Torres Strait 103

21. Some Days Ashore 109

22. The Lightning Bolts of Captain Nemo 117

23. "Aegri Somnia" 126

24. The Coral Realm 132

SECOND PART

1. The Indian Ocean 138

2. A New Proposition from Captain Nemo 145

3. A Pearl Worth Ten Million 152

4. The Red Sea 160

5. Arabian Tunnel 170

6. The Greek Islands 176

7. The Mediterranean in Forty-Eight Hours 184

8. The Bay of Vigo 191

9. A Lost Continent 199

10. The Underwater Coalfields 206

11. The Sargasso Sea 214

12. Sperm Whales and Baleen Whales 220

13. The Ice Bank 228

14. The South Pole 236

15. Accident or Incident? 246

16. Shortage of Air 252

17. From Cape Horn to the Amazon 259

18. The Devilfish 266

19. The Gulf Stream 274

20. In Latitude 47? 24' and Longitude 17? 28' 282

21. A Mass Execution 287

22. The Last Words of Captain Nemo 294

23. Conclusion 299

Color Plates

Facing Page

The Bay of Vigo. iii

Ned Land stayed at his post. 28

"I've collected every one of them." 56

We walked with steady steps. 84

The dugout canoes drew nearer. 122

A dreadful battle was joined. 158

Picturesque ruins took shape. 202

"Farewell, O sun!" he called. 244

The poor fellow was done for. 272

An engaving by Guillaumot.

Introduction

"The deepest parts of the ocean are totally unknown to us,"

admits Professor Aronnax early in this novel. "What goes on in

those distant depths? What creatures inhabit, or could inhabit,

those regions twelve or fifteen miles beneath the surface of the water?

It's almost beyond conjecture."

Jules Verne (1828-1905) published the French equivalents of these words

in 1869, and little has changed since. 126 years later, a Time

cover story on deep-sea exploration made much the same admission:

"We know more about Mars than we know about the oceans."

This reality begins to explain the dark power and otherworldly

fascination of Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas.

Born in the French river town of Nantes, Verne had a lifelong

passion for the sea. First as a Paris stockbroker, later as a

celebrated author and yachtsman, he went on frequent voyages--

to Britain, America, the Mediterranean. But the specific stimulus

for this novel was an 1865 fan letter from a fellow writer,

Madame George Sand. She praised Verne's two early novels Five Weeks

in a Balloon (1863) and Journey to the Center of the Earth

(1864), then added: "Soon I hope you'll take us into the ocean depths,

your characters traveling in diving equipment perfected by your

science and your imagination." Thus inspired, Verne created one

of literature's great rebels, a freedom fighter who plunged beneath

the waves to wage a unique form of guerilla warfare.

Initially, Verne's narrative was influenced by the 1863 uprising of

Poland against Tsarist Russia. The Poles were quashed with a violence

that appalled not only Verne but all Europe. As originally conceived,

Verne's Captain Nemo was a Polish nobleman whose entire family

had been slaughtered by Russian troops. Nemo builds a fabulous

futuristic submarine, the Nautilus, then conducts an underwater

campaign of vengeance against his imperialist oppressor.

But in the 1860s France had to treat the Tsar as an ally,

and Verne's publisher Pierre Hetzel pronounced the book unprintable.

Verne reworked its political content, devising new nationalities for

Nemo and his great enemy--information revealed only in a later novel,

The Mysterious Island (1875); in the present work Nemo's background

remains a dark secret. In all, the novel had a difficult gestation.

Verne and Hetzel were in constant conflict and the book went

through multiple drafts, struggles reflected in its several

working titles over the period 1865-69: early on, it was variously

called Voyage Under the Waters, Twenty-five Thousand Leagues Under

the Waters, Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Waters,

and A Thousand Leagues Under the Oceans.

Verne is often dubbed, in Isaac Asimov's phrase, "the world's

first science-fiction writer." And it's true, many of his

sixty-odd books do anticipate future events and technologies:

From the Earth to the Moon (1865) and Hector Servadac (1877) deal

in space travel, while Journey to the Center

of the Earth features travel to the earth's core. But with Verne

the operative word is "travel," and some of his best-known titles

don't really qualify as sci-fi: Around the World in Eighty Days

(1872) and Michael Strogoff (1876) are closer to "travelogs"--

adventure yarns in far-away places.

These observations partly apply here. The subtitle of the present

book is An Underwater Tour of the World, so in good travelog style,

the Nautilus's exploits supply an episodic story line.

Shark attacks, giant squid, cannibals, hurricanes, whale hunts,

and other rip-roaring adventures erupt almost at random. Yet this loose

structure gives the novel an air of documentary realism. What's more,

Verne adds backbone to the action by developing three recurring motifs:

the deepening mystery of Nemo's past life and future intentions,

the mounting tension between Nemo and hot-tempered harpooner Ned Land,

and Ned's ongoing schemes to escape from the Nautilus. These unifying

threads tighten the narrative and accelerate its momentum.

Other subtleties occur inside each episode, the textures sparkling

with wit, information, and insight. Verne regards the sea from

many angles: in the domain of marine biology, he gives us thumbnail

sketches of fish, seashells, coral, sometimes in great catalogs

that swirl past like musical cascades; in the realm of geology,

he studies volcanoes literally inside and out; in the world of commerce,

he celebrates the high-energy entrepreneurs who lay the Atlantic Cable

or dig the Suez Canal. And Verne's marine engineering proves

especially authoritative. His specifications for an open-sea submarine

and a self-contained diving suit were decades before their time,

yet modern technology bears them out triumphantly.

True, today's scientists know a few things he didn't: the South Pole

isn't at the water's edge but far inland; sharks don't flip

over before attacking; giant squid sport ten tentacles not eight;

sperm whales don't prey on their whalebone cousins. This notwithstanding,

Verne furnishes the most evocative portrayal of the ocean depths

before the arrival of Jacques Cousteau and technicolor film.

Lastly the book has stature as a novel of character. Even the

supporting cast is shrewdly drawn: Professor Aronnax, the career

scientist caught in an ethical conflict; Conseil, the compulsive

classifier who supplies humorous tag lines for Verne's fast facts;

the harpooner Ned Land, a creature of constant appetites,

man as heroic animal.

But much of the novel's brooding power comes from Captain Nemo.

Inventor, musician, Renaissance genius, he's a trail-blazing creation,

the prototype not only for countless renegade scientists in

popular fiction, but even for such varied figures as Sherlock Holmes

or Wolf Larsen. However, Verne gives his hero's brilliance

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