Bloch Surface Wave -atom Coupling in Periodic Photonic Structure M. ASADOLAH SALMANPOUR M. MOSLEH S. M. HAMIDI

2025-05-06 0 0 1.08MB 15 页 10玖币

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Bloch Surface Wave-atom Coupling in

Periodic Photonic Structure

M. ASADOLAH SALMANPOUR, M. MOSLEH, S. M. HAMIDI,*

Magneto-plasmonic Lab, Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

*: m_hamidi@sbu.ac.ir

Abstract:

Considering efforts for hot atom vapor-nanophotonic integration as a new paradigm in

quantum optics, in this paper, we introduce 1D photonic crystal-Rb vapor cell as structure with

miniaturized interaction volume. The Bloch surface wave (BSW) excited on surface of a

photonic crystal as electromagnetic hosting photonic mode, and altered the optical response of

Rb atoms in the vicinity of surface. Coupling of atomic states with BSW confined modes would

lead to quantum interference effects and results in nonlinearities in resonant coupling of atoms

with BSW. We show Bloch surface wave induced transparency is highly stable under a change

of incidence angle. Our results show slight changes in transitions detuning’s due to nonlinear

interactions like the Casimire-Polder effect under change of localized density of optical states.

Keywords: Bloch surface waves; one-dimensional photonic crystal; BSW-atom coupling,

EIT-like resonance

I. Introduction

Interests on design and construction miniaturized new-born quantum devices and atomic

chips motivated scientists to investigate atom-light interactions in nanostructures.

Miniaturization and integration of nanophotonic-atomic physics would result in enhancement

of interactions of atoms with confined light field as a consequence of scale down of the efficient

interaction volume. Due to the nonlinear phenomena that may occur, studying the interaction

of atoms and light in the vicinity of high-intensity and limited fields in a smaller volume

becomes more important. Promising paradigms For miniaturization based on integration of

atom-nanophotonics context exploits different types of evanescent fields, regarding favourable

properties. The interaction of the atom and tail of the evanescent field has been investigated in

structures such as integrated hollow waveguides [1,2], solid core waveguides [3, 4], and

integrated ring resonators [5,6] have been designed. For example one of the extend studied

types of the evanescent fields is surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) which confines

electromagnetic field in the planar interface between a thin metal film and a desired dielectric

medium or our aim atomic media[7]. One of the features of SPP’s is highly modulable resonant

fields depending on excitation configuration that would make it candidate in specific atom-SPP

interaction like all-opticl switching [8], and our recently work as multifunctional logic gates

[9]. SPP’s mode dissipation by temperature increasion caused from ohmic losses of metals[10],

introduce new bottlenecks for many atomic hot vapor applications based on SPP’ evanescent

field spectroscopy. Here we want to introduce Bloch surface waves (BSW) as a candidate

evanescent field to be coupled to hot atomic vapor, considering neglible changes under changes

of excitation configuration, specially incidence angle and temperature changes.

BSWs take advantage of inconsiderable ohmic loss with possibility to propagte at the

interface between periodic dielectric multilayer and a surrounding medium in the scale of

millimeter length. BSW’s also, represent chance to generate great enhancements of TE or TM

polarized evanescent fields [11,12].

BSWs in photonic crystals (PCs) are known as very broad applications in sensing [13-16],

Control of emission properties of emitters [17], surface-enhanced Raman scattering [18,19],

enhanced fluorescence detection[20,21], trapping Au particles[22] and BSW-based integrated

photonic platforms, such as 2D lens[23], optical resonator[24,25], flat reflector[26],

nanocoupler[27] and so on. As a consequence, by designing nanostructure on the surface of the

photonic crystal, Bloch surface modes can be guided in polymeric ridge [28], curved

waveguides [29], and Optical resonators [25]. Feasibility of stimulation of the BSW’s in

resonator configuration promises facilities for investigation of the interactions in atom-cavity

coupled systems, without dealing with complexities like couplers for excitation of resonator

modes.

Numerous publications show some fundamental phenomena arising from coupling of hot or

cold atoms to confined field [30,31]. Comparing complexities of atom trapping configurations

with compatibility of hot vapor systems to be integrated in guided light systems, inspires many

studies onto investigation of hot atomic vapors hybridization with confined light. Coupling of

atomic states with photonic confined modes would lead to quantum interference effects and

results in phenomena like as Fano resonance, EIT-like resonance, and nonlinear

interactions[8,32,33]. Resonant coupling of hot flying atoms with the photonic modes in solid

substrates depends on properties of both sides of coupled structure. Optical response of hot

atom-confined mode hybridization will undergo variations by shifts on interaction

configuration like, interaction time of atoms with photonic field, or photonic mode properties

specially, field strengths and resonance frequency.

1D PC-atomic cell structure and BSW-atomic state hybridization introduced in this report is

introduced for first time, to best of our knowledge. we consider the Bloch surface wave as a

candidate for the miniaturization of atomic vapor cells, and try to investigate the effects of

pivotal properties of BSW excitation configuration on coupling of the BSW-atom and resultant

linear and nonlinear interactions between them. We believe higher values of efficiency in the

coupling of Bloch surface waves and atoms can be achieved in the newborn BSW-atomic cells.

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摘要：

BlochSurfaceWave-atomCouplinginPeriodicPhotonicStructureM.ASADOLAHSALMANPOUR,M.MOSLEH,S.M.HAMIDI,*Magneto-plasmonicLab,LaserandPlasmaResearchInstitute,ShahidBeheshtiUniversity,Tehran,Iran*:m_hamidi@sbu.ac.irAbstract:Consideringeffortsforhotatomvapor-nanophotonicintegrationasanewparadigminquantumopti...

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Bloch Surface Wave -atom Coupling in Periodic Photonic Structure M. ASADOLAH SALMANPOUR M. MOSLEH S. M. HAMIDI

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