Development of a jet gas target system for the Felsenkeller underground accelerator Anup Yadav12Konrad Schmidt1Daniel Bemmerer12_2

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Development of a jet gas target system for the Felsenkeller

underground accelerator

Anup Yadav1,2,∗Konrad Schmidt1,∗∗ Daniel Bemmerer1,2

1Helmholz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, 01328 Dresden, Germany

2Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany

Abstract. For direct cross section measurements in nuclear astrophysics, in

addition to suitable ion beams and detectors, also highly pure and stable tar-

gets are needed. Here, using a gas jet as a target oﬀers an attractive approach

that combines high stability even under signiﬁcant beam load with excellent pu-

rity and high localisation. Such a target is currently under construction at the

Felsenkeller underground ion accelerator lab for nuclear astrophysics in Dres-

den, Germany. The target thickness will be measured by optical interferom-

etry, allowing an in-situ thickness determination including also beam-induced

eﬀects. The contribution reports on the status of this new system and outlines

possible applications in nuclear astrophysics.

1 Introduction

The Felsenkeller underground laboratory is suitable to study, amongst others, two important

astrophysical reactions of interest: 3He(α, γ)7Be and 12C(α, γ)16O. The ﬁrst reaction controls

the hydrogen burning in the Sun and also aﬀects lithium production in Big Bang Nucleosyn-

thesis (BBN). In order to measure the astrophysical S-factor and angular distribution of this

reaction, we are planning to use a 3He gas jet target for comprehensive data coverage of the

entire BBN range.

The 12C(α, γ)16O reaction aﬀects the abundance ratio of the two elements carbon and

oxygen. Due to the low cross-section in the Gamow window, signiﬁcant statistics for this

reaction will be achieved with 12C beam incident on a static windowless 4He gas target, and

a 4πdetector.

To measure reactions of astrophysical interest targets are needed that are locally well

conﬁned, highly dense, thermally stable, and chemically pure. Measurements of the angular

distribution require a highly localized target for a high-resolution of the reaction energy and

the emission angle. A solid target often contains other elements through contaminations

and requires backing materials like tantalum for mechanical stability, which may increase

the beam induced background and energy straggling in case of implantation. Solid targets

can also degrade over time or exposure to a beam resulting in issues like overheating, and

blistering.

A wall-jet gas-target is an alternative solution, which can provide a high gas density, high

localization, chemically purity, and a thermal stability [1, 2, 4, 5].

∗e-mail: a.yadav@hzdr.de

∗∗ e-mail: konrad.schmidt@hzdr.de

arXiv:2210.15218v1 [physics.ins-det] 27 Oct 2022

Figure 1. Astrophysical S-factor of the 3He(α, γ)7Be reaction as a function of energy. The Felsenkeller

gas-jet will help to perform comprehensive measurements of the reaction covering the entire BBN

range.

2 Experimental setup

2.1 Differential pumping system

Figure 2. Technical drawing of diﬀerential pumping stages. The beam enters at the left and passes

through apertures in between the pumping stages, the jet chamber and the static on the most right where

it is stopped in a beam calorimeter. The pumping stages are evacuated by three 700 l/s and the jet

chamber by a 2300 l/s turbomolecular pump.

A recirculating gas-jet target (Fig. 2) creates a supersonic jet based on the JENSA gas

jet target [1]. Here, the target density is 10 times less than at JENSA due to the diﬀerent

physics case. The exhaust of the nozzle has a cross-sectional area at the neck of less than

1 mm. About 12 mm below the nozzle a cone-shaped gas catcher receives most of the gas

jet. Catcher is connected to a cone-shaped chamber, and this chamber is evacuated by a 2300

liter turbomolecular pump. The exhaust of all the pumps are connected to a multi-stage root

pump and this pump will then compress the gas back to the initial inlet pressure. Before

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摘要：

DevelopmentofajetgastargetsystemfortheFelsenkellerundergroundacceleratorAnupYadav1;2;KonradSchmidt1;DanielBemmerer1;21Helmholz-ZentrumDresden-Rossendorf,InstituteofRadiationPhysics,01328Dresden,Germany2TechnischeUniversitätDresden,01069Dresden,GermanyAbstract.Fordirectcrosssectionmeasurementsinnu...

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Development of a jet gas target system for the Felsenkeller underground accelerator Anup Yadav12Konrad Schmidt1Daniel Bemmerer12_2

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