Few-cycle pulse generation by double-stage hybrid multi-pass multi-plate nonlinear pulse compression Anne-Lise Viotti12 Chen Li1 Gunnar Arisholm3 Lutz Winkelmann1 Ingmar Hartl1 Christoph M. Heyl145 and

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Few-cycle pulse generation by double-stage hybrid multi-pass multi-plate nonlinear

pulse compression

Anne-Lise Viotti1,2, Chen Li1, Gunnar Arisholm3, Lutz Winkelmann1, Ingmar Hartl1, Christoph M. Heyl1,4,5, and

Marcus Seidel1,*

1Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany

2Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden

3FFI (Norwegian Defence Research Establishment), P. O. Box 25, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway

4Helmholtz-Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3,07743 Jena, Germany

5GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschnung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany

*Corresponding author: marcus.seidel@desy.de

Abstract

Few-cycle pulses present an essential tool to track ultrafast dynamics in matter and drive strong ﬁeld eﬀects. To

address photon-hungry applications, high average power lasers are used which, however, cannot directly provide

sub-100 fs pulse durations. Post-compression of laser pulses by spectral broadening and dispersion compensation is

the most eﬃcient method to overcome this limitation. Here, we demonstrate a notably compact setup which turns a

0.1 GW peak power, picosecond laser into a 2.9 GW peak power, 8.2 fs source. The 120-fold pulse duration shortening

is accomplished in a two-stage hybrid multi-pass, multi-plate compression setup. To our knowledge, neither shorter

pulses, nor higher peak powers have been reported to-date from bulk multi-pass cells alone, manifesting the power of the

hybrid approach. It puts, for instance, compact, cost-eﬃcient and high repetition rate attosecond sources within reach.

Few-cycle pulses have pushed the frontiers of nonlinear

optics far beyond the perturbative regime. The (tempo-

rary) detachment of weakly bound electrons from the nu-

clei by strong ﬁelds leads to the creation of large electric

dipole moments [1]. The atomic polarization is switched

by few-cycle pulses on sub-femtosecond timescales with-

out prior distortions of the interacting matter [1]. Many

unique applications emerged, most prominent, the gener-

ation of coherent extreme ultraviolet or X-ray radiation

and its temporal conﬁnement to attosecond durations [2].

This, in turn, enabled tracking of ionization dynamics and

performing electron microscopy with highest temporal and

spatial resolution [3, 4]. Beyond that, few-cycle pulses

prospectively enable PHz bandwidth signal processing in

semiconductors, dielectrics and novel quantum materials

[5, 6]. Initial few-cycle sources relied on broadband laser

gain media that are diﬃcult to scale in average power

[1]. However, high pulse repetition rates are important to

achieve good signal-to-noise ratios despite the low eﬃcien-

cies of extremely nonlinear processes or limitations caused

by Coulomb interactions after ionization [4]. The advance-

ment of ultrafast lasers in the past years to substantially

higher average powers [7], has allowed to overcome the rep-

etition rate short-coming of few-cycle sources, but has also

imposed the challenge to reduce the inherent pulse dura-

tions of power-scalable lasers from hundreds or thousands

of femtoseconds to the sub-10 fs regime. One approach to

accomplish this is optical parametric chirped pulse ampli-

ﬁcation [8]. It provides wavelength tunability and excel-

lent pulse contrast but is a relatively ineﬃcient, complex

method. Alternatively, nonlinear spectral broadening and

pulse post-compression present a direct, cost-eﬃcient path

to the few-cycle regime [9]. In particular, the multi-pass

cell (MPC) spectral broadening technique has combined

large pulse compression factors, i.e. the input to output

pulse duration ratios, and high power eﬃciencies in an out-

standing manner [10, 11, 12]. Recently, several few-cycle

pulse generation schemes by means of MPCs have been re-

ported [13, 14, 15, 16, 17]. However, all experiments were

based on gas-ﬁlled MPCs which require hundreds of µJ of

pulse energies as well as a chamber that needs to be evac-

uated and reﬁlled with up to several bars of nonlinear gas.

In contrast, bulk material based few-cycle or even single-

cycle pulse generation was demonstrated in the past years

by the multiple plate continuum approach [18, 19, 20]. We

have recently shown that combining the multiple plate and

the bulk MPC techniques can clearly overcome the com-

pression factors that are achievable by the methods alone

in a single stage [21, 22]. Here, we apply this novel hybrid

approach to demonstrate more than hundred times dura-

tion reduction of powerful ultrashort pulses, that is from

the picosecond regime to 8.2 fs FWHM duration. More-

over, we report the ﬁrst bulk-based MPC that delivers

sub-10 fs pulses with multi-GW peak powers.

The compression setup was based on an Yb:YAG laser

and two spectral broadening stages (Fig. 1a). The laser

and the ﬁrst MPC stage (MPC 1) were similar to the setup

reported in ref. [21]. The front-end of the ampliﬁer was

improved, which led to 15 % more pulse energy than in

[21] and pulses with down to 1 ps FWHM duration. The

ampliﬁer emitted laser bursts every 100 ms with a variable

number of pulses and a 1 MHz pulse repetition rate. We

adjusted the number of pulses to the dynamic range of

our measurement devices and typically worked with 150

- 200 pulses per burst. MPC 1 consisted of two quarter-

wave stack dielectric mirrors with 200 mm radius of curva-

ture (ROC) and ﬁve 1 mm thin anti-reﬂection coated silica

substrates. The sixth plate used in ref. [21] mainly intro-

duced additional chirp without lowering decisively the 43 fs

Fourier transform limit (FTL) of the MPC 1 output spec-

trum (Fig. 2, blue line). After 68 reﬂections from chirped

mirrors with -200 fs2group delay dispersion (GDD), the

arXiv:2210.11619v1 [physics.optics] 20 Oct 2022

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摘要：

Few-cyclepulsegenerationbydouble-stagehybridmulti-passmulti-platenonlinearpulsecompressionAnne-LiseViotti1,2,ChenLi1,GunnarArisholm3,LutzWinkelmann1,IngmarHartl1,ChristophM.Heyl1,4,5,andMarcusSeidel1,*1DeutschesElektronen-SynchrotronDESY,Notkestr.85,22607Hamburg,Germany2DepartmentofPhysics,LundUnive...

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Few-cycle pulse generation by double-stage hybrid multi-pass multi-plate nonlinear pulse compression Anne-Lise Viotti12 Chen Li1 Gunnar Arisholm3 Lutz Winkelmann1 Ingmar Hartl1 Christoph M. Heyl145 and

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