John C. Calhoun’s Remarks in the Senate(约翰Ｃ卡尔豪在参议院上的讲话)

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John C. Calhoun's Remarks to the Senate of the United States

John C. Calhoun's

Remarks to the Senate of

the United States

John C. Calhoun

John C. Calhoun's Remarks to the Senate of the United States

Mr. President:

At the last session of Congress, it was avowed on all sides that the

public debt, as to all practical purposes, was in fact paid, the small surplus

remaining being nearly covered by the money in the Treasury and the

bonds for duties which had already accrued; but with the arrival of this

event our last hope was doomed to be disappointed. After a long session

of many months, and the most earnest effort on the part of South Carolina

and the other Southern States to obtain relief, all that could be effected

was a small reduction of such a character that, while it diminished the

amount of burden, it distributed that burden more unequally than even the

obnoxious Act of 1828; reversing the principle adopted by the Bill of 1816,

of laying higher duties on the unprotected than the protected articles, by

repealing almost entirely the duties laid upon the former, and imposing the

burden almost entirely on the latter. It was thus that, instead of relief--

instead of an equal distribution of burdens and benefits of the government,

on the payment of the debt, as had been fondly anticipated--the duties

were so arranged as to be, in fact, bounties on one side and taxation on the

other; thus placing the two great sections of the country in direct conflict

in reference to its fiscal action, and thereby letting in that flood of political

corruption which threatens to sweep away our Constitution and our liberty.

This unequal and unjust arrangement was pronounced, both by the

administration, through its proper organ, the Secretary of the Treasury, and

by the opposition, to be a *permanent* adjustment; and it was thus that all

hope of relief through the action of the general government terminated;

and the crisis so long apprehended at length arrived, at which the State

was compelled to choose between absolute acquiescence in a ruinous

system of oppression, or a resort to her reserved powers--powers of which

she alone was the rightful judge, and which only, in this momentous

juncture, could save her. She determined on the latter.

The consent of two-thirds of her Legislature was necessary for the call

of a convention, which was considered the only legitimate organ through

which the people, in their sovereignty, could speak. After an arduous

struggle the States-rights party succeeded; more than two-thirds of both

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JohnC.Calhoun'sRemarkstotheSenateoftheUnitedStatesJohnC.Calhoun'sRemarkstotheSenateoftheUnitedStatesJohnC.CalhounJohnC.Calhoun'sRemarkstotheSenateoftheUnitedStatesMr.President:AtthelastsessionofCongress,itwasavowedonallsidesthatthepublicdebt,astoallpracticalpurposes,wasinfactpaid,thesmallsurplusrema...

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John C. Calhoun’s Remarks in the Senate(约翰Ｃ卡尔豪在参议院上的讲话)

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