whatbelieve

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E-mail: bdea@buddhanet.net
Web site: www.buddhanet.net
Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc.
Expanded 4th Edition
Dr. K. Sri Dhammanada
What Buddhist Believe
What Buddhist Believe
Published by
BUDDHIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY MALAYSIA
123, Jalan Berhala,
50470 Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
Tel: (603) 2274 1889 / 1886
Fax: (603) 2273 3835
Email: bmsm@po.jaring.my
© 2002 K Sri Dhammananda
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any in-
formation storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Cover design and layout Sukhi Hotu
ISBN 983-40071-2-7
1st Edition 1964
2nd Edition 1973
3rd Edition 1982
This Expanded Edition 2002
W
hat
B
uddhists
B
elieve
Expanded 4th Edition
K Sri Dhammananda
BUDDHIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY MALAYSIA
This 4th edition of
What Buddhists Believe
is specially published
in conjunction with
Venerable Dr K Sri Dhammananda’s
50 Years of Dhammaduta Service
in
Malaysia and Singapore
1952-2002
(BE 2495-2545)
Photo taken three months after his arrival in Malaysia from Sri Lanka, 1952.
This 4th edition of
What Buddhists Believe
is specially published
in conjunction with
Venerable Dr K Sri Dhammananda’s
50 Years of Dhammaduta Service
in
Malaysia and Singapore
1952-2002
(BE 2495-2545)
Photo taken three months after his arrival in Malaysia from Sri Lanka, 1952.
Contents
Forewordxi
Preface xiii
1
LIFE AND MESSAGE OF THE BUDDHA
CHAPTER 1 Life and Nature of the Buddha
Gautama, The Buddha 8
His Renunciation 24
Nature of the Buddha27
Was Buddha an Incarnation of God?32
The Buddha’s Service35
Historical Evidences of the Buddha38
Salvation Through Arahantahood41
Who is a Bodhisatva?43
Attainment of Buddhahood47
Trikaya — The Three Bodies of the Buddha49
CHAPTER 2 His Message
Message for All53
Miraculous Power57
The Buddha’s Silence61
How to Answer Questions63
The Buddha’s Attitude towards Worldly Knowledge65
The Last Message of the Buddha67
CHAPTER 3 After the Buddha
Does the Buddha Exist after His Death?70
A Successor to the Buddha74
The Future Buddha75
VI
!
WHAT BUDDHISTS BELIEVE
2
BUDDHISM: ESSENCE AND COMPARATIVE APPROACHES
CHAPTER 4 Timeless Truth of the Buddha
The Lion’s Roar64
What is Buddhism?67
Impact of Buddhism on Civilization70
Buddhist Contribution to Humanity72
The Ultimate Truth74
Two Main Schools of Buddhism77
CHAPTER 5 Basic Doctrines
Tri-Pitaka (or Tipitaka)82
Sutra Pitaka85
Abhidharma Pitaka86
What is Abhidharma?89
Mind and Matter (Nama-Rupa)95
Four Noble Truths97
The Danger of Selfish Desire100
The Noble Eightfold Path — The Middle Way102
Gradual Development103
Righteous Life104
Everything is Changeable110
What is Karma?113
Misconceptions Regarding Karma115
Our Own Experience117
Other Factors which Support Karma119
Can Karma be Changed?120
Impartial Energy122
Classification of Karma124
Is Everything Due to Karma?126
Why Some Wicked People Enjoy While
Some Good People Suffer127
Rebirth129
How Does Rebirth Take Place?133
Is Rebirth Simultaneous?135
Dying Moment136
Nirvana137
Nirvana and Samsara139
Contents
!
VII
Law of Dependent Origination157
Eternalism and Nihilism164
Can the First Cause be Known?166
Is there an Eternal Soul?168
Soul-Theories168
Anatta: The Teaching of No-Soul171
CHAPTER 6 Buddhism Vis-a-vis Other Approaches
Is Buddhism Similar to Other Contemporary Teachings in India?175
Is Buddhism a Theory or a Philosophy?177
Is Buddhism Pessimistic?181
Is Buddhism Atheistic?184
3
LEADING A BUDDHIST LIFE
CHAPTER 7 Moral Foundation for Humanity
What is the Purpose of Life?188
Understanding the Nature of Human Beings189
Understanding the Nature of Life190
The Need for a Religion191
Searching for a Purpose in Life193
Realisation194
Buddhism for Human Beings in Society197
The Buddhist Way of Life for Householders201
CHAPTER 8 Buddhist Morality and Practice
Buddhist Ethics204
Buddhist Morals are Based on Intention or Volition207
What is Vinaya?208
Development of Sangha Community211
Changing Society213
Dharma and Vinaya215
Characteristics of a Monk216
Ten Meritorious and Ten Evil Actions218
Ten Evil Deeds221
Precepts224
Five Precepts226
Eight Precepts227
VIII
!
WHAT BUDDHISTS BELIEVE
Loving-Kindness230
Real Charity234
Buddhist Attitude Towards Human Organ Donation237
The Buddhist Attitude to Animal Life239
The Need for Tolerance Today243
Buddhist Funeral Rites245
CHAPTER 9 Dharma and Ourselves as Refuge
Why We Take Refuge in the Buddha248
No Self Surrender253
No Sinners254
Do It Yourself257
Human Beings are Responsible for Everything259
Human Beings are their own Jailors260
You Protect Yourself263
You Have to Save Yourself266
CHAPTER 10 Prayer, Meditation and Religious Practices
Faith, Confidence and Devotion274
The Meaning of Prayer276
Meditation278
Nature of Modern Life281
The Significance of Paritta Chanting285
Are Buddhists Idol Worshippers?290
Religious Significance of Fasting296
Vegetarianism297
The Moon and Religious Observances300
4
HUMAN LIFE IN SOCIETY
CHAPTER 11 Life and Culture
Traditions, Customs and Festivals306
Rites and Rituals307
Festivals308
Status of Women in Buddhism309
Buddhism and Politics311
Contents
!
IX
CHAPTER 12 Marriage, Birth Control and Death
Buddhist Views on Marriage321
Divorce323
Birth Control, Abortion and Suicide324
Committing Suicide326
Why Does the World Population Increase?327
Sex and Religion329
5
A RELIGION FOR HUMAN PROGRESS
CHAPTER 13 Nature, Value and Choice of Religious Beliefs
Human Beings and Religion334
Misconceptions on Religion 339
Which is the Proper Religion?342
Moral and Spiritual Development345
The God-Idea347
The Development of the God-idea347
The God-idea and Creation349
Human Weakness and the Concept of God350
Changing a Religious Label before Death354
Short-cut to Paradise and End of the World356
CHAPTER 14 Promoter of True Human Culture
Modern Religion358
Religion in a Scientific Age360
Buddhism and Science361
Limitations of Science363
Learned Ignorance365
Beyond Science366
Science Without Religion367
Tribute to Buddhism368
Religion of Freedom369
Buddhist Missionaries374
CHAPTER 15 War and Peace
Why is there no Peace?378
Can We Justify War?381
The Buddhist Attitude383
Can Buddhists Join the Army?385
Mercy Killing388
Killing for Self-Protection389
The Buddhist Stand on the Death Sentence390
6
THIS WORLD AND OTHER WORLDS
CHAPTER 16 Realms of Existence
The Origin of the World396
Other World Systems400
The Buddhist Concept of Heaven and Hell403
Belief in Deities (Devas)406
Existence of Spirits408
The Significance of Transference of Merits to the Departed409
Highest Gift to the Departed411
CHAPTER 17 Divination and Dreams
Astrology and Astronomy414
Buddhist Attitude towards Astrology418
Fortune-Telling and Charms422
Consulting Mediums424
Dreams and their Significance425
Faith Healing431
Superstitions and Dogmas433
Dr. K. Sri Dhammananda
摘要：

eBUDDHANET'SBOOKLIBRARYE-mail:bdea@buddhanet.netWebsite:www.buddhanet.netBuddhaDharmaEducationAssociationInc.Expanded4thEditionDr.K.SriDhammanadaWhatBuddhistBelieveWhatBuddhistBelievePublishedbyBUDDHISTMISSIONARYSOCIETYMALAYSIA123,JalanBerhala,50470KualaLumpur,MalaysiaTel:(603)22741889/1886Fax:(603)...

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