新概念英语第三册笔记

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新概念英语第三册补充教材
Guide to New Concept English Grammar
（Developing Skills）
第一章 英语从句
Subordination
英语从句主要有定语从句，状语从句和名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）
一．定语从句
1． 定语从句：由关系代词 who, whom, whose, that, which; 关系副词 when, where, why 引导。
（下面十个句子请读 5 遍并脱口译出！）
1. The death notices tell us about people who have died during the week.
2. The man (whom) you spoke to just now is my friend.
3. The building whose lights are on is beautiful.
4. Please find a place which we can have a private talk in.
5. The knee is the joint where the thighbone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
6. He still remembers the day when he went to school.
7. It is no need telling us the reason why you didn't finish it in time.
8. He has three sons, two of whom died in the war.
9. Mr. Smith, whose wife is a clerk, teaches us English.
10. In the Sunday paper there are comics, which children enjoy.
2． 只能用 that 和who 引导的定语从句
A．all, nothing, anything, a few, one 做先行词指物时
B．先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时，后面常跟 that 而不是 which.
C．先行词前有 the only, the first, the last, the next, the very 等词修饰时，引导词只能用 that。
D．当先行词是 anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody 时，后面要用 who 或whom；
● All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的并非都是金子。
3． as 引导定语从句
as 引导的定语从句有两种形式：
A．引导限制性语从句。
在此类定语从句中，as 常与主语中作为其先行词的 such, the same 或as 联用构成，“such... as”，“the
same... as”和“as ...as”句型，可代替先行词。
例如：We hope to get such a tool as he is using. 我们希望得到他正在用的那种工具。
B．as 引导非限制性定语从句时，作用与 which 相同，as 作为关系代词代替整个主句。
（这是语法考试的一个考点。）
［注意区别］：
as 引导的从句用于句首、句中或句后，而 which 引导的定语从句不能放在句首。
例如：As is reported, a foreign delegation will visit the city.
据报道，一个外国代表团将访问这个城市。
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新概念第三册
二．状语从句
超级作文联接词及词组，全部拿下！
① 原因：because, since, now that（既然）as, for, this reason....
② 结果：so that, so, therefore, consequently, so as to, as a result ....
③ 时间：after, before, when, while, as, until, as soon as, since, by the time, once, lately, presently, shortly after,
currently, at present, nowadays ...
④ 条件：if, only if., once, unless, in the event (that), in case (that), provided that, on the condition that, etc.
⑤ 让步：though, although, even though(if), no matter what / how / when→ whatever / however / whenever ....
⑥ 目的：in order that, in order to, to,
⑦ 比较：than, as ... as, by comparison（相比较），by contrast（相对照）....
三．名词性从句
王牌要点：通常由 that 或疑问词导出。
1. How some mammals came to live in the sea is not know.（主语从句）
2. The attorney told his client that they had little chance of winning the case.（宾语从句）
3. The problem is what we'll do next.（表语从句）
4. We have no idea that he has come back.（同位语从句）
同位语（Appositive）:
同位语是英语语法的重点内容，也是各类考试中的一个考点，同时，在写作中正确运用同位语可以使你的
句型更加简洁得体。
《新概念英语》 第三册第一课有这样一个句子： When reports came into London zoo that a wild puma had been
spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.
（当伦敦动物园接到报告说，在伦敦以南 45 英里处发现一只美洲狮时，这些报告并没有受到重视。）
在这里，a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London 就是同位语从句，它本来应该放在
“reports”后面，这里却被放在了谓语成分 came into London zoo 的后面，目的是让句型显得更为稳重。
I．简单记忆：同位语从句，就是对某些名词做进一步的解释的句子。
I was greatly shocked when I heard the news that his father died yesterday.
（that 引导的句子解释了 news 的内容，注意：that 不做任何成分）
We have to face the fact that the weather is unexpectedly bad.
（that 引导的句子解释了 fact 的内容）
II．联想记忆：
能接同位词从句的名词有：belief （信仰），fact ，idea ，doubt ，rumor （谣言），evidence （证据），
conclusion（结论），suggestion（建议），problem，order，answer，discovery（发 现）explanation（解释），
principle （ 原 则） ， possibility （可能性），truth ，promise （承 诺 ） ， report （报告），statement （声 明 ），
knowledge（知识），opinion（观点），likelihood（可能性）
［大声朗读三遍，背下即可。］
III．王牌要点：
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新概念第三册
● 同位语一般由that 引导，但也可以用关系代词 which, who, what 和关系副词 when, where, why, how 或
whether 引导。
There arouse the question whether we could win the game.
I have no idea howto explain it.
● 一些介词词组后面也能引导同位语从句。（非常经典之功能句式，可用于四六级和托福作文，不妨一
试！）：
on the assumption（在……前提下），
on the ground（由于……原因），
on the condition that（在……条件下），
with the exception（有……例外）
owing to the fact（由于……事实）；
on the understanding（基于……理解）；
The young lady promised to marry the old man on the condition that he bought her a villa.
那位年轻的女士答应嫁给那位老头，条件是他给她买一幢别墅。
IV．分隔式同位语从句
为了使句型平衡不至于头重脚轻，有时同位语从句可以放到句子的末尾，（读两遍此定义，然后看倒
句：）
An idea came to him that he might write to her to ask more information about the matter.
I got information from my friend that there will be a marvelous American movie "Titanic".
V. 同位语从句与定语从句之区别
简单记忆：定语从句的引导词 that 或 which
在句子中用作主语或宾语，而同位语从句的引导词
that
只起连
接主句和从句之作用，不用作任何成分。
示例：I've got an answer that A is right. (同位语从句，that 不做成分)
I've got an answer that surprised me a lot.（定语从句，that 做定语从句的主语）
VI．王牌重点：可以充当同位语的词组或短语。
1）名词短语。（
使句型更为简洁
）
Bill Clinton, the president of America, came to China to pay an official visit in 1998.
Lu Xun, one of the greatest essayists in China, played an overwhelmingly important role in Chinese literature
history.
2）动名词词组亦可用作同位语：别忘了加逗号。（
使句型更为流畅
）
I'm crazy about the game, playing baseball.
Going to concert, that sounds a great idea.
3）不定式短语。（
陌生只是掌握的开始
）
The problem what to do next remains unsolved.
Her claim to have finished his work is nothing but a white lie.
4）形容词词组。（有逗号隔开）
All the workers, young or old, should be treated equally.
Young man, short or tall, should have the right to take the opportunity.
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新概念第三册
VII. 同位语的引导词。（
重要！这是中高级写作中不可缺少的引导成分
）
引导词用来表示同位语与它所说明的同位成分之间的关系：
1．namely, that it is, that is to say（也就是说）, in other words（换句话说）, or, for short 表示等同关系。
2．such as, say, so to speak（譬如说）, including（包括）, for instance（或 for example (e.g. / eg），表示举例
和列举关系。
3．especially, mostly, chiefly, or better, in particular, particularly 表示突出重点，（在高难度阅读中表示后面的
部分为更重要或更突出的部分，是出题的关键点。）
测试精编
I. 选择正确选项：
1. ________ all behavior is learned behavior is a basic assumption of social scientists.
A. Nearly B. That nearly
C. It is nearly D. When nearly
2. The people at the party were worried about Janet because no one was aware ________ she had gone.
A. where that B. of where
C. of the place where D. the place
3. — Susan hasn't written us for a long time. — What do you suppose________ to her?
A. that happened B. happened
C. to happen D. having happened
4. — May I have the loan? ________ you offer good security.
A. But B. Unless C. Provided D. But for
5. Gorillas are quiet animals, ________ they are able to make about twenty different sounds.
A. how B. in spite of C. because of D. even though
6. The little White House in warm springs was the Georgia home of President Franklin-D. Roosevelt ________
there on April 12, 1945.
A. who died B. died C. while died D. he died
7. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of ________ reality.
A. what it is conceived B. that is conceived
C. what is conceived to be D. that is being conceived of
8. Seeds usually germinate ________ the temperature is favorable.
A. if B. whereas C. as a result D. in consequences
9. Francis Preston Blair. Jr, ________ born in Kentucky, lived and practiced in Missouri.
A. was B. he was C. although D. who he was
10. ________, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form.
A. They occur where they are B. Occurring where
C. Where they occur D. Where do they occur
第二章 虚拟语气
THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
虚拟语气用来表达不可能或难以实现的愿望，与事实相反的假设，通常分为基本的三种形式。
1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟：
If + did / were + ..., ... would
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新概念第三册
should
could + do （动词原形）
might
If I were you, I would go abroad at once. (I am not you.)
If he knew it now, he could help me. (He doesn't know it now.)
2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟：
If + had done + ..., ... would (might) have done ...
If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have phoned you.
(I didn't know your telephone number.)
If you had come here a littleearlier just now, you might have met her.
(You didn't come here earlier.)
3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟：
(1) If + should + v., ... would + v.
（可能性很小）（译作“万一”）
If it should rain tomorrow, you could stay at home.
If I should fail, what should Ido?
(2) If + did / were to + v ..., would + v.
（完全不可能）
If the sun were to rise in the west, I would lend you the money.
If you finished it in 3 minutes, I would give you my car.
4. 金牌特殊重点：！！
［简单联想记忆］：
● 下列动词后的“宾语从句”中需要用虚拟形式，即should + 动词原形，shoud 在美国英语中要省略（TOEFL
语法考点）。此类常见的动词有：order, ask, decide, demand, require, recommend, suggest（建议）insist（坚决要
求），advise, etc.
例句：He suggested that we (should) help them with English.
The teacher ordered that the homework (should) be finished within half an hour.
● 下列名词后的同位语从句中要用“should + 动词原形”（should 可省去）的虚拟。
suggestion, order, request, demand, importance, proposal.
He made a suggestion that we (should) have a fancy dress party.
I think it is a thing of importance that it (should) be done soon.
● It is / was important / necessary / natural / essential / advisable / strange / surprising, ect. + that +主语+ should + v.
It is strange that you should say such a thing.
It was important that you should tell me all the information.
● wish 后的宾语从句中，as if 后的状语从句中，须用下列的虚拟形式：
主 + wish+ (that) + 主 + did / were（指现在）
haddone（指过去）
would+ v.（指将来）
Iwishthat I met my uncle now.
IwishI had met my uncle yesterday.
5
新概念第三册
IwishI could meet my uncle tomorrow.
● It is (high) time that ... + did / were ...
It is time that you went to bed.
● would rather that ... + did / were ...
I would rather that you were not here now.
● would sooner that ... + did / were ...
I would sooner that you got up earlier.
I would sooner that you were not my brother.
测试精编
I. 选择正确选项：
1. I ________ he had taught me the word, but he didn't.
A. believe B. hope C. wish D. think
2. The man in charge recommends that this matter ________ at the meeting. A. would be discussed B.
will be discussed C. be discussed D. may be discussed
3. It is raining now, otherwise we ________ go out play.
A. could B. can C. may D. will
4. ________ he come late, give him the message.
A. Had B. Should C. Would D. Did
5. Hadn't my car broke down, I ________ the train.
A. would have caught B. might catch C. could catch D. would catch
6. I would have helped him if I had time, but I ________.
A. haven't B. had C. didn't D. wouldn't
7. The dam was built in time to protect the inhabitants from the flood; ________.
A. otherwise the damage would be beyond measure.
B. the damage, otherwise, should be very great.
C. the damage could have been very serious otherwise.
D. the damage caused, therefore, many of them homeless.
8. It is natural that an employee ________ his work on time.
A. finishes B. finish C. can finish D. finishs
9. I would go abroad but that I ________ poor.
A. am B. was C. shall be D. were
10. Don't act as if you ________ the only pebble on the beach.
A. are B. were C. have been D. would be
第三章 代替与省略
SUBSTITUTIONAND OMISSION
英语中，为了避免不必要的重复，经常用 so, not, to, do, does 代替前面出现的动词或相关内容。
如：
He translated the article better than I did. (did
代替
wrote it)
—
Doyou think she isclever?
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新概念第三册
—
I think so. (so
代替
she is clever)
(1) 从上两例中看出，do / does / did 代替动词。
(2) "so 与 not" 代替某个词、短语、句子等，通常用于 hope, think, believe, expect, suppose, be afraid, fear,
imagine, etc 后作宾语。
E.g. — Is it correct?
— I'm afraid not. (not correct)
(3) "to" 用作不定式，常跟随下列动词：want, mean, hope, expect, refuse, seem, intend, be, afraid, etc.
E.g. I asked him to go to the party, but he refused to. (go to the party)
(4) "do so, do that, do it" 用来代替动态动词，而不能代静态动词。
Eg. — He gave up studying English.
— Why did he do so? (= give up studying English)
— The dish tastes nice.
— Yes, so it does. (tastes nice)
(
此句不能用
it does it
或
it does so,
因
taste
属静态动词。）
(5) 为使语言精炼，避免不必要的重复，对话中常用省略形式。
E.g. — He is thinking of buying a car?
— Is he?（
这里，“
thinking of buying a car
”被省略了。
）
— Will he come back in time?
— Perhaps.（
省略了
he will come back in time.)
测试精编
I．选择正确答案：
1. — Shall I wake you up tomorrow? — Yes, ________ .
A. please do B. you shall
C. you will D. you may
2. I think records are often ________ an actual performance.
A. as good as or better than B. as good or better than
C. like good or better than D. as good as any other
3. — If he doesn't come to work, he may be fired. — Surely he isn't so foolish ________ not to realize that.
A. so B. and C. but D. as
4. — Don't you think Alan's health has beenruined by smoking? — Yes, he told me ________ himself.
A. the fact B. this thing C. It D. so
5. — Will you go home tomorrowevening? — No, I'm going to a lecture, or at least, I'm planning ________ .
A. on B. to C. so D. It
6. — I slipped on the stairs, I think my arm is broken. — Oh! I ________ .
A. do not hope so B. do not hope C. hope not so D. hope not
7. California relies mainly on income from fruit crops, and ________ .
A. Florida also B. Florida too
C. Florida is as well D. so does Florida
8. — Have you been here long? — ________ .
A. No, not very B. Not much
C. Yes, only little D. No, only yesterday
7
摘要：

新概念英语第三册补充教材GuidetoNewConceptEnglishGrammar（DevelopingSkills）第一章英语从句Subordination英语从句主要有定语从句，状语从句和名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）一．定语从句1．定语从句：由关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which;关系副词when,where,why引导。（下面十个句子请读5遍并脱口译出！）1.Thedeathnoticestellusaboutpeoplewhohavediedduringtheweek.2.Theman(whom)youspoketojustnowis...

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