新概念英语第一册原创笔记
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目录
Lesson 1(Lesson1 – Lesson 3).............................................................................................................................................2
Lesson 2 (Lesson4 – Lesson 6)............................................................................................................................................3
Lesson 3 (Lesson 7 – Lesson 10).........................................................................................................................................5
Lesson 4(Lesson11 – Lesson 14).........................................................................................................................................7
Lesson 5(Lesson15 – Lesson 17).........................................................................................................................................8
Lesson 6(lesson 18 – lesson20)..........................................................................................................................................10
Lesson 7(lesson 21 – lesson24)..........................................................................................................................................11
Lesson 8(lesson 25 – lesson28)..........................................................................................................................................12
Lesson 8(lesson 25 – lesson28)..........................................................................................................................................12
Lesson 9(lesson 29 – lesson31)..........................................................................................................................................14
Lesson 10(lesson 32 – lesson34)........................................................................................................................................17
Lesson 11(lesson 35 – lesson37)........................................................................................................................................18
Lesson 12(lesson 39 – lesson 42).......................................................................................................................................20
Lesson 13(lesson 43 – lesson 46).......................................................................................................................................22
Lesson 14(lesson 47 – lesson 49).......................................................................................................................................23
Lesson 15(lesson 50 – lesson 52).......................................................................................................................................25
Lesson 16(lesson 53 – lesson 56).......................................................................................................................................27
Lesson 17(lesson 57)..........................................................................................................................................................28
Lesson 18(lesson 58 - lesson 60).......................................................................................................................................30
Lesson 19(lesson 61 - lesson 63).......................................................................................................................................31
Lesson 20(lesson 64 - lesson 66).......................................................................................................................................33
Lesson 21(lesson 67 - lesson 69).......................................................................................................................................34
Lesson 22(lesson 70 – lesson72)........................................................................................................................................36
Lesson 23(lesson 73 – lesson74)........................................................................................................................................36
Lesson 24(lesson 76 – lesson78)........................................................................................................................................37
Lesson 25(lesson 79– lesson80).........................................................................................................................................39
Lesson 26(lesson 81– lesson83).........................................................................................................................................40
Lesson 27 – Lesson28(lesson 84– lesson88).....................................................................................................................42
Lesson 29(lesson 89– lesson92).........................................................................................................................................43
Lesson 30(lesson 93– lesson 95)........................................................................................................................................44
Lesson 31(lesson 96– lesson 97)........................................................................................................................................45
Lesson 32(lesson 98– lesson 101)......................................................................................................................................46
Lesson 33(lesson 102– lesson 104)....................................................................................................................................48
Lesson 34(lesson 105– lesson 107)....................................................................................................................................49
Lesson 35(lesson 108– lesson 110)....................................................................................................................................51
Lesson 36(lesson 111– lesson 113)....................................................................................................................................52
Lesson 37(lesson 114– lesson 116)....................................................................................................................................53
Lesson 38(lesson 117– lesson 119)....................................................................................................................................54
Lesson 39 – Lesson 40(lesson 120– lesson 124)...............................................................................................................56
Lesson 41-Lesson42(lesson125 – lesson 132)...................................................................................................................58
Lesson 43-Lesson44(lesson133– lesson 138)....................................................................................................................60
Lesson 45(lesson139– lesson 140).....................................................................................................................................61
Lesson 46(lesson141– lesson 142).....................................................................................................................................63
Lesson 47-Lesson 48(Lesson 143 – Lesson 144)..............................................................................................................64
- 1 -
Lesson 1(Lesson1 – Lesson 3)
Further notes on the text
:
Excuse me! 劳驾,对不起。当引起别人的注意的时候,或打断别人谈话,或从别人身边走过的时候用的客套话。
注意和 sorry 的区别,例如:
Excuse me, Can I ask you a question? 劳驾,我能问你一个问题么?
Yes?用升调读,“什么事”。和用降调不相同,用降调表示“是的”的意思。
Pardon? 对不起,请在说一遍。用于口语
正式的说法是:I beg your pardon? 或 Pardon me.
Thank you very much. 非常感谢。也可以这么说:
Thank you.
Thanks!
Thank you a lot.
Many thanks.
*My coat and my umbrella please. 祈使句,等于 Give me my coat and my umbrella please.
Ticket, please. 也是祈使句,等于 Show me your ticket please. 在口语中,如果的语境明确,就如课文中一样,只使
用直宾成文。
Passport, please. 请出示您的护照。
A cup of tea please. 请给我一杯茶。
*Here’s your umbrella and your coat. 这是一个倒装句式,系动词提到了主语之前,正常语序是:
Your umbrella and your coat are here.
I’m sorry. 对不起,这个语句才是真正表达歉意的句子。
Is this it? it 指上文的 your umbrella,这是一种比较常用行文方式。
Expression
:
陈述句:This is… 这是…
陈述句的否定形式:在 be 动词前加 not:This isn’t… 这不是…
一般疑问句:在系表结构中,一般疑问句把系动词前置,并采用升调阅读:Is this…
一般疑问句的回答(be 动词引导):Yes, it is.(肯定)No, it isn’t.(否定)
例子:
Is this your pen?
Yes, it is / No, it isn’t.
That one is my pen and this isn’t my pen.
Sound
:
连读:第一个单词为辅音,第二个单词为元音时将连读。如:Yes, it is.
略读:两个爆破音在一起时,前一个爆破音失去爆破。如:handbag/hanbag/
浊化:S后面如果是浊辅音的话,那么读对映的清辅音。如:skirt/sg/ school/sg/ star/sd/
- 2 -
Lesson 2 (Lesson4 – Lesson 6)
Further notes one text
:
Good morning! 早上好,常用对话,对映的有:
Good afternoon. 中午好。
Good evening. 晚上好。
Good night. 晚安
This is Miss Sophie Dupont. This is…可以用来向某人介绍某人。
Nice to meet you. 用于非正式场合第一次见面。还可以这么说:
Glad to meet you. 或 Pleased to meet you. 很高兴见到你。
如果双方已经认识那么使用:Nice to see you.
正式场合第一次见面用:How do you do?
Expressions:
特殊疑问句是以 Wh-疑问词引导的疑问句,*疑问词有:What When Which Where Whose How Why Who Whom 等。
并加上一般疑问词的语序,如:
What is your name?
特殊疑问句需要具体回答,而不能用 Yes 和No 回答。
How do you like sport? = Do you like sport?
I like sport very much. = Yes, I do.
特殊疑问句式的结构有两种,一种是以疑问词提问,一种是以疑问短语来提问,这种情况下疑问词做定语。
What is your nationality?
What nationality are you?
注意其主语与 be 动词的变化。
以What 引导的特殊疑问句(1):
What 可以用来询问名字、国籍、工作、颜色、型号等。如:
What make is this car? 这辆小汽车是什么牌子的?
What nationality are you? 你是哪国人?
What is your job? 你是什么工作?
What is your name? 你叫什么名字?
*What color is this? 它是什么颜色?
*What size is this skirt? 这条裙子是多大号的?
冠词(1):
a/an 被称为不定冠词,意思为一个…。两者的区别在于 a用于辅音前,而 an 用于元音前。如:
a pen 一只笔
an apple 一个苹果
人称代词(1):
主格(单数) *宾格(单数) 主格(复数) *宾格(复数)
I me we us
you you you you
he she it him her its they them
人称代词作主语:
I’m an engineer. 我是一个工程师。
They are Chinese 他们是中国人。
*人称代词作表语:Oh, it’s you. 噢,是你?
be 动词的变化(1):
在系表结构,*或现在时中。动词 be 随主语发生变化。
I am a student. Are you French? They are news. It is fine day.
选择疑问句:选择疑问句采用一般疑问句的结构的并列句,两句之间用 or 连接,但不用 Yes or No 回答。如:
- 3 -
Is this an English (car) or Italian car?
This isn’t an English car. It’s an Italian car.
- 4 -
Lesson 3 (Lesson 7 – Lesson 10)
Further notes one text
:
I’m… 我是… 这个句型用来介绍主语的状态。如:
I’m Robert. 我是罗伯特。
I’m Swedish. 我是瑞典人。
I’m twenty-four. 我24 岁。
What nationality are you? 等于:
What is your nationality?
Where are you from? 你来自哪里?
Where do you come from?
What’s your job? = What do you do? 你是做什么的?
How are you today?你今天好么。朋友见面时的寒暄语。还可以这么说:
What’s new?
How are you doing?
答语有:
(I’m) fine, thanks.
I’m very well, thank you.
I’m OK.
And you? 省略形式,等于:And how are you?
Nice to see you. 省略形式,等于:It’s nice to see you. 也可以说:Nice seeing you.
Goodbye 再见,也可以说 See you.
See you later. 一会见
See you Sunday. 周日见
Expressions:
以What 引导的疑问句(2):
What is your name?
What nationality are you?
What’s your job?
以How 引导的疑问句(1):
How 引导的疑问句可以用来询问对方目前的状况,比如身体、工作等。注意 How 是副词,不接名词组成疑问短语。
如:
How do you do? 你好。(用于正式场合)
How is life? 生活如何?
How are things? 情况如何?
How’s work? 工作如何?
形容词的用法(1):形容词用来修饰名词,表示名词的形状、特征等,如: big(大的)、good(好的)、
beautiful(美丽的)。
形容词做定语:形容词做定语时,放在名词的前面:
She is a young hair hostess.她是一名年轻的空中小姐
形容词做表语:
The hair hostess is young. 这名空中小姐很年轻。
副词可以用来修饰形容词,用在形容词之前
This hat is very smart. 这顶帽子非常时尚。
形容词性物主代词:
单数 *复数 *单数(名词) *复数(名词)
my our mine ours
your your your yours
- 5 -
his her its their his hers its theirs
形容词物主代词只能做定语,代表物品的所有关系。
This is my book. 这是我的书。
Is this her dress? 这是她的裙子么?
询问形容词的疑问句,可以使用 What…like?的问句,意思“什么(感觉)怎么样?”例如:
What’s Tim’s like?
He’s very fat.
What are these books like?
They are very funny.
- 6 -
Lesson 4(Lesson11 – Lesson 14)
Further notes one text
:
Whose shirt is that? = Whose is that shirt?
Here you are. = Here it is.
Come upstairs and see it. 这是一个祈使句,句中的 and 可以引导另一个祈使动词,表示目的。如:
Come and help me 过来帮帮我
Look and see the blackboard, Can you answer this question? 请注意看这个黑板,你能回答这个问题么?
It’s the same colour. 一样的颜色。
same 通常与定冠词 the 连用,表示“同一的”、“相同的”。涉及的名词不加复数。
two boys of the same age. 两年同龄的男孩子。
We live in the same city. 我们住同一个城市里。
Expression
:
以Whose 引导的特殊的疑问句:
Whose shirt is that?
Whose is that shirt?
It’s my/your/his/her shirt.
*It’s mine/yours/his/hers.
This is Tim’s/my brother’s shirt.
询问颜色 What colour’s
What colour’s is Anna’s hat?
It’s green.
名词的所有格(1):
如果名词是有生命的,那么其所有格在后面加’s,读[s]。但以s结尾只加’,并不发音。如:
my brother’s tie 我哥哥的领带
Engels’ books 恩格斯的书。
如果是复合词,只在最后面加’s,如 her mother-in-law’s photo
如果是共有关系,则必须都加’s,否则的话只是在后面加’s。如:
Mr. Green is Jim’s and Kate’s father 格林先生是吉姆和凯特的父亲。.
They are Jim and Kate’s parents. 他们是吉姆和凯特的父母。
如果是表示“时间、团体、距离、机构”的无生命的东西,那么也用’s,如:today’s newspaper 今天的报纸。
名词的所有格与物主代词一样,可做主语、定语、宾语、表语。
- 7 -
Lesson 5(Lesson15 – Lesson 17)
Further notes on one text
:
Your passports, please. 最简单的祈使句,参见Lesson1 的语法。
Here they are. 给你。这是 Here it is.复数形式。参见Lesson1 的语法。
How do you do? 你好。用于较正式的场合。等于 Nice to meet you. 参见Lesson1 的语法。
Come and meet our employees… and 引导的第二个祈使动词,参见Lesson4 的语法。
office assistant = office boy。办公室的干杂务的工作人员。
Expression:
复数形式:
1. 代 词 的 复 数 形 式 : we(I) ;you(you) ;he/she/it(they) ;my(our) ;your(your) ;his/her/its(their) ;this(these) ;
that(those)
2.现在时中,动词 be 使用 are
3.名词的复数:名词分两种,可数名词和不可数名词。一般来说:专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词。
反之就是可数名词。一些不可数名词的例子如:bread、pork、water、money、air、paper、glass。一般来说,如果名词单
独跟数词产生数量上歧义就是不可数名词,比如: Give me two pork不能表达出名词的准确数量,这就是不可
数名词。
可数名词的复数变化:
(1) 一般情况下加-s,在清辅音后读[s];在浊辅音后读[z],但在[s][][t][z][][]读[iz]。(这种情况一般都是
以不发音 e结尾的)如:
book-books friend-friends case-cases
(2) 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh 加-es,读[iz]如:
dress-dresses box-boxes watch-watches dish-dishes
(3) 以-f 或-fe 结尾的,把 f或fe 变v再加-es,读作[vz],如:
leaf-leaves life-lives knife-knives
但也有例外情况:roof-roofs chief-chiefs gulf-gulfs serf-serfs belief-belief-s proof-proofs
(4) 以“辅音+y”结尾的,把 y变i再加es,读[iz],但“元音+y”只加 s,如:
factory-factories boy-boys
(5) 有些以“辅音+o”结尾的加 es,常用的单词只有四个:
Negro-Negroes hero-heroes potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes
(6) 不规则变化:
1)特殊变化:
foot-feet mouse-mice child-children man-men
2)单复数相同:
a sheep-two sheep a fish- two fish
3)只有复数
glasses 眼镜;compasses 圆规 goods 货物 trousers 裤子
4)复数常用:常使用复数,如果使用单数表示其中之一。
matches 火柴 shoes 鞋子 twins 双胞胎 parents 父母
5)当表示“某国人”的名词,以-ese 或-ss 结尾的,通常单复数相同,但一般情况下加-s。
Chinese-Chinese American-Americans
注意的是 We’re American 和 We’re Americans 都是正确的。
从语法上来说,前者是形容词,而后者是名词。
4.单数变复数的例子:
This is my pen. These are our pens
What colour is this? What colour are these?
Yes, I’m. Yes, we are.
5.注意复数的所有格形式:teachers’ books
以who 引导的特殊疑问句:who
- 8 -
是疑问代词,pron.谁。
Who is this young man? 这人年轻人谁?
Who is that wear blue T-shirt? 穿蓝色T恤的人是谁。
注意:向主语提问没有助动词一说。who 或whose 相当于主语。
Who came to school yesterday? 昨天谁没来上学?
Who often help somebody else?谁经常帮助别人?
- 9 -
Lesson 6(lesson 18 – lesson20)
Further notes on one text
:
What’s the matter? = Tell me what’s wrong 怎么了?
Are you all right? = Are you OK?
Expression:
1. 复数形容词的用法:
We’re third. 形容词并没有复数一样。
2. There be 句型(1)
There [] adj. pron. 这些,在这里。
在说明或询问人、物等的存在时用的句子。
There be 是表示“存在”的基本句型,语法为:
There be + (sb/sth +somewhere) /doing sth.
注意的是 There be 的结构中 There is +主语+状语。(be 动词要和主语保持一致)。
There be 句型与 have 的区别是:
There be 强调某物在某地,并没有从属关系。而 have 强调从属关系。
3. 一百以上的数字写法:
hundred [] num. 百
one hundred and thirty-three. 一百三十三。
4. 以How 引导的疑问句(2):
How + adj. 可以物质的大小、长度、
How old … 多大了。
How old is she? 她多大了。
How long… 多长(时间),对过去时、现代时、将来时提问。
How long is the Yangtze River? 长江有多长?
How long have be married? 你结婚多长时间了?
How long have they lived here? 他们住在这里有多久了?
How long does the movie last? 这部电影要放多长时间?
How long will you tour to The U. S? 你到美国旅行多长时间了?
How heavy… 多重
How heave is a pig? 猪有多重?
How tall… 多高
- 10 -
摘要:
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目录Lesson1(Lesson1–Lesson3).............................................................................................................................................2Lesson2(Lesson4–Lesson6)...............................................................................................................
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