bud-myanmar

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E-mail: bdea@buddhanet.net
Web site: www.buddhanet.net
Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc.
by Roger Bischoff
Buddhism in Myanmar
A Short History
Buddhism in Myanmar
A Short History
Buddhism in Myanmar
A Short History
by
Roger Bischoff
The Wheel Publication No. 399/401
isbn 9552401275
Copyright © 1995 Roger Bischoff
Buddhist Publication Society
P.O. Box 61
54, Sangharaja Mawatha
Kandy, Sri Lanka
For free distribution only.
You may print copies of this work for your personal use.
You may re-format and redistribute this work for use on
computers and computer networks, provided that you
charge no fees for its distribution or use.
Otherwise, all rights reserved.
This edition was transcribed directly from PageMaker files
provided by the BPS.
Subsequently this PDF was made from the HTML page
made by above method. The Pàli characters were added
using a printed paper booklet copy as a reference.
Buddhism in Myanmar
Myanmar, or Burma, is.one of the major countries
following Theravàda Buddhism today. In recent years
Myanmar has attained special eminence in the Buddhist
world. Between 1954 and 1956 the country hosted the
Sixth Great Buddhist Council, and it has also been the
source from which several of the foremost systems of
Vipassana meditation have spread to the rest of the
world.
This Wheel booklet offers a short history of Buddhism in
Myanmar from its origins until the beginning of the
colonial period in the late 19th century. The material has
been sifted and organised from the point of view of a
practising Buddhist. It is intended to show how Buddhism
influenced the development of the Myanmar people until
the Theravàda Buddhist teachings became their second
nature.
Roger Bischoff is an Assistant Teacher at the International
Meditation Centre in England and a long-time student of
the Burmese language and culture.
Buddhist Publication Society • Kandy • Sri Lanka
The Wheel Publication No. 399/401
ISBN 955–240127–5
Cover: Jàtaka scene painting from Amarapura, Burma
(1911). Australian National Gallery, Canberra.
7
Table of Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1. Earliest Contacts with Buddhism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2. Buddhism in the Mon & Pyu Kingdoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3. Theravàda Buddhism Comes to Pagan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4. Pagan: Flowering and Decline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5. Shan Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
6. The Myanmar Build an Empire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
7. The Eighteenth & Nineteenth Centuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
8
Preface
Myanmar, or Burma as the nation has been known
throughout history, is one of the major countries
following Theravàda Buddhism. In recent years
Myanmar has attained special eminence as the host for
the Sixth Buddhist Council, held in Yangon (Rangoon)
between 1954 and 1956, and as the source from which
two of the major systems of Vipassana meditation have
emanated out into the greater world: the tradition
springing from the Venerable Mahasi Sayadaw of
Thathana Yeiktha and that springing from Sayagyi U
Ba Khin of the International Meditation Centre.
This booklet is intended to offer a short history of
Buddhism in Myanmar from its origins through the
country’s loss of independence to Great Britain in the
late nineteenth century. I have not dealt with more
recent history as this has already been well
documented. To write an account of the development
of a religion in any country is a delicate and
demanding undertaking and one will never be quite
9
satisfied with the result. This booklet does not pretend
to be an academic work shedding new light on the
subject. It is designed, rather, to provide the interested
non-academic reader with a brief overview of the
subject.
The booklet has been written for the Buddhist
Publication Society to complete its series of Wheel
titles on the history of the Sàsana in the main
Theravàda Buddhist countries. The material has been
sifted and organised from the point of view of a
practising Buddhist. Inevitably it thus involves some
degree of personal interpretation. I have given
importance to sources that would be accorded much
less weight in a strictly academic treatment of the
subject, as I feel that in this case the oral tradition may
well be more reliable than modern historians would
normally admit.
One of the objectives of the narrative is to show that
the Buddha’s Teaching did not make a lasting
impression on Myanmar immediately upon first
arrival. The Sàsana had to be re-introduced or purified
10
again and again from the outside until Myanmar had
matured to the point of becoming one of the main
shrines where the Theravàda Buddhist teachings are
preserved. The religion did not develop in Myanmar.
Rather, the Myanmar people developed through the
religion until the Theravàda faith became embedded in
their culture and Pàli Buddhism became second nature
to them.
I dedicate this work to my teachers, Mother Sayamagyi
and Sayagyi U Chit Tin.
Roger Bischoff
International Meditation Centre UK
Splatts House
Heddington, Calne
Wilts SN11 OPE
摘要:

eBUDDHANET'SBOOKLIBRARYE-mail:bdea@buddhanet.netWebsite:www.buddhanet.netBuddhaDharmaEducationAssociationInc.byRogerBischoffBuddhisminMyanmarAShortHistoryBuddhisminMyanmarAShortHistoryBuddhisminMyanmarAShortHistorybyRogerBischoffTheWheelPublicationNo.399/401isbn955–24–0127–5Copyright©1995RogerBischo...

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