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E-mail: bdea@buddhanet.net

Web site: www.buddhanet.net

Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc.

by Roger Bischoff

Buddhism in Myanmar

A Short History

Buddhism in Myanmar

A Short History

Buddhism in Myanmar

A Short History

Roger Bischoff

The Wheel Publication No. 399/401

isbn 955–24–0127–5

Buddhist Publication Society

P.O. Box 61

54, Sangharaja Mawatha

Kandy, Sri Lanka

For free distribution only.

You may print copies of this work for your personal use.

You may re-format and redistribute this work for use on

computers and computer networks, provided that you

charge no fees for its distribution or use.

This edition was transcribed directly from PageMaker files

provided by the BPS.

Subsequently this PDF was made from the HTML page

made by above method. The Pàli characters were added

using a printed paper booklet copy as a reference.

Buddhism in Myanmar

Myanmar, or Burma, is.one of the major countries

following Theravàda Buddhism today. In recent years

Myanmar has attained special eminence in the Buddhist

world. Between 1954 and 1956 the country hosted the

Sixth Great Buddhist Council, and it has also been the

source from which several of the foremost systems of

Vipassana meditation have spread to the rest of the

world.

This Wheel booklet offers a short history of Buddhism in

Myanmar from its origins until the beginning of the

colonial period in the late 19th century. The material has

been sifted and organised from the point of view of a

practising Buddhist. It is intended to show how Buddhism

influenced the development of the Myanmar people until

the Theravàda Buddhist teachings became their second

nature.

Roger Bischoff is an Assistant Teacher at the International

Meditation Centre in England and a long-time student of

the Burmese language and culture.

Buddhist Publication Society • Kandy • Sri Lanka

The Wheel Publication No. 399/401

ISBN 955–24–0127–5

Cover: Jàtaka scene painting from Amarapura, Burma

(1911). Australian National Gallery, Canberra.

Table of Contents

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

1. Earliest Contacts with Buddhism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

2. Buddhism in the Mon & Pyu Kingdoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

3. Theravàda Buddhism Comes to Pagan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

4. Pagan: Flowering and Decline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

5. Shan Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

6. The Myanmar Build an Empire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

7. The Eighteenth & Nineteenth Centuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Preface

Myanmar, or Burma as the nation has been known

throughout history, is one of the major countries

following Theravàda Buddhism. In recent years

Myanmar has attained special eminence as the host for

the Sixth Buddhist Council, held in Yangon (Rangoon)

between 1954 and 1956, and as the source from which

two of the major systems of Vipassana meditation have

emanated out into the greater world: the tradition

springing from the Venerable Mahasi Sayadaw of

Thathana Yeiktha and that springing from Sayagyi U

Ba Khin of the International Meditation Centre.

This booklet is intended to offer a short history of

Buddhism in Myanmar from its origins through the

country’s loss of independence to Great Britain in the

late nineteenth century. I have not dealt with more

recent history as this has already been well

documented. To write an account of the development

of a religion in any country is a delicate and

demanding undertaking and one will never be quite

satisfied with the result. This booklet does not pretend

to be an academic work shedding new light on the

subject. It is designed, rather, to provide the interested

non-academic reader with a brief overview of the

subject.

The booklet has been written for the Buddhist

Publication Society to complete its series of Wheel

titles on the history of the Sàsana in the main

Theravàda Buddhist countries. The material has been

sifted and organised from the point of view of a

practising Buddhist. Inevitably it thus involves some

degree of personal interpretation. I have given

importance to sources that would be accorded much

less weight in a strictly academic treatment of the

subject, as I feel that in this case the oral tradition may

well be more reliable than modern historians would

normally admit.

One of the objectives of the narrative is to show that

the Buddha’s Teaching did not make a lasting

impression on Myanmar immediately upon first

arrival. The Sàsana had to be re-introduced or purified

again and again from the outside until Myanmar had

matured to the point of becoming one of the main

shrines where the Theravàda Buddhist teachings are

preserved. The religion did not develop in Myanmar.

Rather, the Myanmar people developed through the

religion until the Theravàda faith became embedded in

their culture and Pàli Buddhism became second nature

to them.

I dedicate this work to my teachers, Mother Sayamagyi

and Sayagyi U Chit Tin.

Roger Bischoff

International Meditation Centre UK

Splatts House

Heddington, Calne

Wilts SN11 OPE

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eBUDDHANET'SBOOKLIBRARYE-mail:bdea@buddhanet.netWebsite:www.buddhanet.netBuddhaDharmaEducationAssociationInc.byRogerBischoffBuddhisminMyanmarAShortHistoryBuddhisminMyanmarAShortHistoryBuddhisminMyanmarAShortHistorybyRogerBischoffTheWheelPublicationNo.399/401isbn955–24–0127–5Copyright©1995RogerBischo...

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